Systems and methods for emergency data communication

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are methods, systems, devices, servers, apparatus, computer-/processor-readable media, and other implementations, including a method that includes receiving by an emergency call server an indication of an emergency condition at a device, determining whether the device is to be tracked based, at least in part, on the indication of the emergency condition, and transmitting a triggering message from the emergency call server, in response to a determination that the device is to be tracked, to trigger at the device a tracking session to cause the device to periodically collect and send tracking session data to one or more servers. The tracking session, established between the device and the one or more servers, is separate from an emergency call session established between the device and the emergency call server.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/268,241, entitled “SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS FOR EMERGENCY DATA COMMUNICATION,” filed Dec. 16, 2015, which isassigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

Emergency support systems (e.g., to handle 911 calls, road-sideproblems, etc.) generally operate on the assumption of a single-shotposition. Thus, particulars regarding an emergency call (e.g., thenature of the emergency, location where the emergency situation istaking place, with that location either derived based on data includedwith the received call or through a live conversation between a user andan operator) are generally provided during the emergency call sessiononly. However, additional information that becomes available after theemergency call has ended may not be provided to the emergency callserver or to the specific emergency service providers that aredispatched to handle the emergency.

SUMMARY

In some variations, a method is provided that includes receiving by anemergency call server an indication of an emergency condition at adevice, determining whether the device is to be tracked based, at leastin part, on the indication of the emergency condition, and transmittinga triggering message from the emergency call server, in response to adetermination that the device is to be tracked, to trigger at the devicea tracking session to cause the device to periodically collect and sendtracking session data to one or more servers. The tracking session,established between the device and the one or more servers, is separatefrom an emergency call session established between the device and theemergency call server.

In some variations, an emergency call server is provided that includes atransceiver configured to receive an indication of an emergencycondition at a device, and one or more processors, coupled to thetransceiver, configured to determine whether the device is to be trackedbased, at least in part, on the indication of the emergency condition.The transceiver is further configured to transmit a triggering messagefrom the emergency call server, in response to a determination that thedevice is to be tracked, to trigger at the device a tracking session tocause the device to periodically collect and send tracking session datato one or more servers. The tracking session, established between thedevice and the one or more servers, is separate from an emergency callsession established between the device and the emergency call server.

In some variations, an apparatus is provided that includes means forreceiving by an emergency call server an indication of an emergencycondition at a device, means for determining whether the device is to betracked based, at least in part, on the indication of the emergencycondition, and means for transmitting a triggering message from theemergency call server, in response to a determination that the device isto be tracked, to trigger at the device a tracking session to cause thedevice to periodically collect and send tracking session data to one ormore servers. The tracking session, established between the device andthe one or more servers, is separate from an emergency call sessionestablished between the device and the emergency call server.

In some variation, a non-transitory computer readable media is providedthat is programmed with instructions, executable on a processor, toreceive by an emergency call server an indication of an emergencycondition at a device, determine whether the device is to be trackedbased, at least in part, on the indication of the emergency condition,and transmit a triggering message from the emergency call server, inresponse to a determination that the device is to be tracked, to triggerat the device a tracking session to cause the device to periodicallycollect and send tracking session data to one or more servers. Thetracking session, established between the device and the one or moreservers, is separate from an emergency call session established betweenthe device and the emergency call server.

Other and further objects, features, aspects, and advantages of thepresent disclosure will become better understood with the followingdetailed description of the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example operating environment to supportemergency data communication.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example procedure to facilitate provisioningof tracking session data by a device.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of example implementations of datacommunication in emergency situations.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example procedure, generally performed at anemergency call server, to process emergency communications andfacilitate establishment of tracking sessions.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example procedure, generally performed at anemergency tracking server, to receive and process emergency data.

FIG. 6 is flowchart of an example procedure illustrating system-wideoperations and interactions between a device, an emergency call server,and an emergency tracking server to facilitate collection andcommunication of emergency data.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example process for reporting a medicalemergency and establishing a tracking session to communicate emergencymedical data.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of another example process for reporting apolice emergency and establishing a tracking session to communicateemergency criminal/forensics data.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of another example process for reporting aprivate road-side emergency and establishing a tracking session tocommunicate emergency vehicle/accident data.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example wireless device (e.g., amobile wireless device).

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example node (e.g., an access pointor a server).

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an example computing system.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are methods, systems, devices, apparatus,computer-/processor-readable media, and other implementations foremergency data collection and communication. In some embodiments, amethod is provided that includes receiving by a device (e.g., a mobiledevice, or any other type of device) a triggering message from anemergency call server responsive to an indication of an emergencycondition (e.g., an E-911 message, an eCall message, etc.) at the deviceto trigger a tracking session to periodically collect and send trackingsession data (also referred to as emergency data or e-metadata)associated with the device to one or more servers (e.g., one or moreemergency tracking servers), establishing the tracking session, separatefrom an emergency call session between the device and the emergency callserver, with the one or more servers, and sending, by the device to theone or more servers, the tracking session data collected during thetracking session by the device. In some embodiments, the devicereceiving the triggering message may have initiated the emergency callsession by, for example, sending the indication of the emergencycondition, while in some situations, the indication of the emergencycondition may have been sent in response to an initial message (e.g.,broadcast message) from the emergency call server, or the indication ofthe emergency condition may have been sent by another device (e.g.,operated by a third-party reporting the emergency that involved theparty associated with the device receiving the triggering message). Insome embodiments, the method may further include placing the device in areduced-power tracking mode state, in response to receiving thetriggering message to establish the separate tracking session, includingreducing power provided to sub-systems of the device not required tocollect or communicate the tracking session data associated with thedevice, and providing at least partial power to one or more sensor orcommunication sub-systems of the device to cause the one or more sensoror communication sub-systems to operate at least partially while thedevice is in the reduced-power tracking mode state to communicate to theone or more servers at least some of the tracking session data. In someembodiments, sending the tracking session data may include determiningat a first time instance one or more subsequent wake-up times totransmit data to the one or more servers, with the one or more wake-uptimes determined based on, for example, charge level of a battery of thedevice, time elapsed since the emergency message with e-metadata waslast communicated, a maximum periodicity for communicating by the devicethe tracking data, and/or other factors.

Also described herein are systems, methods, devices, and otherimplementations, including a method that includes receiving by anemergency call server an indication of an emergency condition at adevice, determining whether the device is to be tracked based, at leastin part, on the indication of the emergency condition, and transmittinga triggering message from the emergency call server, in response to adetermination that the device is to be tracked, to trigger at the devicea tracking session to cause the device to periodically collect and sendtracking session data to one or more servers. The tracking session,established between the device and the one or more servers, is separate(e.g., different and/or independent) from an emergency call sessionestablished between the device and the emergency call server. As noted,the indication of the emergency condition may have been sent directly bythe device (either at the initiative of the device or in response to apolling message, such as a broadcast message from the emergency callserver), or the indication of the emergency condition may have beenreceived from some other device (e.g., a mobile device operated by athird-party reporting an emergency involving the user of the device thatreceives the triggering message). In some embodiments, the triggeringmessage transmitted to the device is further configured to cause thedevice to operate in a reduced-power tracking mode state in which powerto sub-systems of the device not required for collecting andcommunicating tracking session data associated with the mobile device isreduced, and in which one or more sensor or communication sub-systems ofthe device, configured to perform communication of the tracking sessiondata, operate at least partially while the device is in thereduced-power tracking mode state.

The implementations described herein may also include a method thatincludes receiving by at least one server (e.g., an emergency trackingserver), from a device (e.g., a mobile device), a request to establish atracking session to periodically collect and send tracking session datato the at least one server relating to an emergency condition at thedevice, the request to establish the tracking session sent by the devicein response to a triggering message from an emergency call server totrigger the tracking session. The triggering message is transmitted fromthe emergency call server to the device during an emergency callsession, separate from the tracking session, in response to anindication message of the emergency condition at the device transmittedto the emergency call server. The method further includes sending by theat least one server a reply to the device to establish the trackingsession, and periodically receiving by the at least one server, from thedevice, the tracking session data collected by the device during thetracking session. In some embodiments, the indication message of theemergency condition at the device transmitted to the emergency callserver includes one of, for example, an initiating message from thedevice regarding the emergency condition, a reply message from thedevice responsive to a polling message from the emergency call server,or a reporting message from another device to report the emergencycondition at the device. In some embodiments, the at least one servermay be configured to modify the characteristics of the tracking sessionby, for example, sending commands to the device in order to change itsdata collection behavior, including, but not limited to, emergency datatype, frequency (pace) of collection, amount of data, identity of the atleast one server to receive tracking data, etc. In some embodiments,modification of the tracking session may also include terminating thecommunication links between the at least one server and the device.

The methods, systems, devices, and other implementations describedherein can therefore provide device tracking-session data at low powerconsumption mode (sufficient to support tracking-session/emergency datacollection for the device and the communication of the data to a remoteserver, but with other device sub-systems turned off, or their powerconsumption and corresponding functionality reduced, to thus facilitateemergency service delivery (e.g., by a firefighting squad, a policeforce, a medical rescue team, etc.) In some embodiments, tracking datacollection may continue uninterrupted even if device is turned off bydevice user (i.e., locking the device into tracking mode).

Thus, with reference to FIG. 1, a diagram of an example operatingenvironment 100 that includes a device 108, which may be a wirelessdevice (mobile or stationary), or a communication sub-system (e.g., unitmounted on a vehicle, train, airplane, etc.), configured to initiate anemergency call and provide periodic tracking-session data thereafter,that in communication with one or more devices/nodes/servers, is shown.The device 108 may be configured to communicate according to one or morecommunication protocols (e.g., near-field protocols, such as Bluetooth®wireless technology, or Zigbit, WLAN protocols, such as a WiFi protocolaccording to IEEE 802.11k standard, WWAN protocols, etc.) As will bediscussed in greater details below, the device 108 may be configured, insome embodiments, to send/communicate (at the initiative of the device108, or in response to a message, such as a polling broadcast messagereceived by the device 108) to an emergency call server (such as anemergency call server 120, which may be a public safety answering point,or PSAP, server) an indication of an emergency condition (e.g., an E-911message to report a medical emergency, a roadside emergency, anemergency reported with respect to some third-party, etc.), and toreceive a triggering message from the emergency call server responsiveto the indication of the emergency condition to trigger a trackingsession to periodically collect and send tracking session dataassociated with the mobile device to one or more servers (such as anemergency tracking server 122, which may be different from the server120 to which the emergency indication message was communicated). In someembodiments, the triggering message may have been received as a resultof an indication message sent from some other device, associated with athird-party, to report the emergency condition associated with thedevice. The tracking session data may be collected from sensorsassociated with the device 108, including sensors housed within thedevice (e.g., inertial sensors, transceivers, etc., as will be moreparticularly described below), and sensors located remotely from thedevice. The remote sensors may be biometric sensors (such as a sensor132 worn by a user 130), vehicle-based sensors (such as a sensor 136,e.g., an oil-pressure sensor, located at a vehicle 134), etc. Remotesensors may communicate with the device 108 via one or more near-fieldcommunication links (e.g., Bluetooth® wireless technology links), viaLAN-based communication links, etc. The device 108, which establishes atracking session with the one or more servers that is separate from theemergency call session, is configured to send the tracking session datacollected during the tracking session to the one or more trackingservers. The device 108 may also be configured to reduce power (and thusenter a reduced-power tracking mode state) provided to sub-systems ofthe device not required to collect and/or communicate the trackingsession data associated with the device (e.g., sub-systems such as thevideo sub-system, the application processor sub-system which supportsapplications such as the e-mail application, third-party applications,etc.), and to provide at least partial power to one or more sensor orcommunication sub-systems of the mobile device to cause the one or moresensor or communication sub-systems to operate at least partially whilethe device is in the reduced-power tracking mode state in order tocommunicate to the one or more servers (e.g., the tracking servers) atleast some of the tracking session data. Thus, upon being triggered tostart a tracking session (e.g., in response to receiving a triggeringmessage or request from the emergency call server to commence a trackingsession), the device is configured to invoke emergency power settings(to operate at reduced power levels in order to preserve the powersource of the device) and periodically communicate tracking session data(also referred to as emergency data, or metadata), the device 108 isconfigured to collect during the tracking session. The session trackingdata provides updates about possible changes to the position of thedevice, updates regarding the medical condition of the user (where theemergency is a medical emergency) as may be provided by biometricsensors (e.g., located remotely on user-wearable devices), and tootherwise provide germane data to one or more emergency serviceproviders to facilitate an expeditious provision of emergency care. Insome embodiments, real-time processing may be performed on the trackingdata provided to the one or more servers to obtain real-time processing(e.g., filtering irrelevant data, aggregating vital signs into a patientstatus data set, delivering processed data to emergency service squad,etc.) Additionally, off-line processing may be performed on the trackingsession data, e.g., to derive emergency resolution statistics, performinsurance risk analysis, etc.

The device 108 (as well as any other device depicted in FIG. 1) may beconfigured to operate and interact with multiple types of othercommunication systems/devices, including local area network devices (ornodes), such as WLAN for indoor communication, femtocells, Bluetooth®wireless technology-based transceivers, and other types of indoorcommunication network nodes, wide area wireless network nodes, satellitecommunication systems, other mobile devices, etc., and as such thedevice 108 may include one or more interfaces and/or transceivers tocommunicate with the various types of communications systems. Thevarious devices of FIG. 1 may be configured to establish and operateaccording to any number of communication protocols.

As noted, the environment 100 may contain one or more different types ofwireless and/or wired communication systems or nodes, each of which maybe used to establish communication links between the device 108, theemergency call server 120, and/or the emergency service providertracking server 122 depicted in FIG. 1. The nodes illustrated in FIG. 1include wireless access points (or WAPs) and may include LAN and/or WANwireless transceivers, including, for example, WiFi base stations, femtocell transceivers, Bluetooth® wireless technology transceivers, cellularbase stations, WiMax transceivers, etc. Thus, for example, and withcontinued reference to FIG. 1, the environment 100 may include the LocalArea Network Wireless Access Points (LAN-WAPs) 106 a-e that may be usedfor wireless voice and/or data communication with the device 108. TheLAN-WAPs 106 a-e may also be utilized, in some embodiments, asindependent sources of position data, e.g., through fingerprinting-basedprocedures, through implementation of multilateration-based proceduresbased, for example, on timing-based techniques (e.g., RTT-basedmeasurements), signal strength measurements (e.g., RSSI measurements),etc., which then may be included as emergency tracking data sent by themobile device 108. The LAN-WAPs 106 a-e can be part of a Wireless LocalArea Network (WLAN), which may operate in buildings and performcommunications over smaller geographic regions than a WWAN. Additionallyin some embodiments, the LAN-WAPs 106 a-e could also include pico orfemto cells. In some embodiments, the LAN-WAPs 106 a-e may be part of,for example, WiFi networks (802.11x), cellular piconets and/orfemtocells, Bluetooth® wireless technology Networks, etc. Although five(5) LAN-WAP access points are depicted in FIG. 1, any number of suchLAN-WAP's may be used, and, in some embodiments, the environment 100 mayinclude no LAN-WAPs access points at all, or may include a singleLAN-WAP access point.

As further illustrated, the environment 100 may also include a pluralityof one or more types of the Wide Area Network Wireless Access Points(WAN-WAPs) 104 a-c, which may be used for wireless voice and/or datacommunication, and may also serve as another source of independentinformation through which the wireless device 108 (and/or other devices)may determine its position/location (which may then be transmitted aspart of emergency tracking data). The WAN-WAPs 104 a-c may be part ofwide area wireless network (WWAN), which may include cellular basestations, and/or other wide area wireless systems, such as, for example,WiMAX (e.g., 802.16). A WWAN may include other known network componentswhich are not shown in FIG. 1. Typically, each WAN-WAPs 104 a-c withinthe WWAN may operate from fixed positions or may be moveable, and mayprovide network coverage over large metropolitan and/or regional areas.Although three (3) WAN-WAPs are depicted in FIG. 1, any number of suchWAN-WAPs may be used. In some embodiments, the environment 100 mayinclude no WAN-WAPs at all, or may include a single WAN-WAP.

Communication to and from the device 108 (to exchange data, includingmessages indicating an emergency condition and messages includingemergency data, and provide location determination operations andservices to the device 108, etc.) may be implemented using variouswireless communication networks and/or technologies and/or encodings,such as a wide area wireless network (WWAN), a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), a peer-to-peernetwork, and so on. The term “network” and “system” may be usedinterchangeably. A WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single-Carrier FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, a WiMax (IEEE 802.16), andso on. A CDMA network may implement one or more radio accesstechnologies (RATs) such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), and so on.Cdma2000 includes IS-95, IS-2000, and/or IS-856 standards. A TDMAnetwork may implement Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some other radioaccess technology (RAT). GSM and W-CDMA are described in documents froma consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). Cdma2000is described in documents from a consortium named “3rd GenerationPartnership Project 2” (3GPP2). 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publiclyavailable. In some embodiments, 4G networks, Long Term Evolution (“LTE”)networks, Advanced LTE networks, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) networks,and all other types of cellular communications networks may also beimplemented and used with the systems, devices methods, and otherimplementations described herein. A WLAN may also be implemented, atleast in part, using an IEEE 802.11x network, and a WPAN may be aBluetooth® wireless technology network, an IEEE 802.15x, or some othertype of network. The techniques described herein may also be used forany combination of WWAN, WLAN and/or WPAN.

In some embodiments, and as further depicted in FIG. 1, the device 108may also be configured to at least receive information from a SatellitePositioning System (SPS) 102 a-b, which may be used as an independentsource of position information for the device 108. The device 108 maythus include one or more dedicated SPS receivers configured to receivesignals for deriving device geo-location information from the SPSsatellites (which may be transmitted as part of emergency trackingdata). In embodiments in which the device 108 can receive satellitesignals, the mobile device may utilize a receiver (e.g., a GNSSreceiver) specifically implemented for use with the SPS to extractposition data from a plurality of signals transmitted by at least theSPS satellites 102 a-b. Transmitted satellite signals may include, forexample, signals marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codeof a set number of chips and may be located on ground based controlstations, user equipment and/or space vehicles. The techniques providedherein may be applied to, or otherwise implemented, for use in variousother systems, such as, e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo,Glonass, Compass, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) over Japan,Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) over India, Beidouover China, etc., and/or various augmentation systems (e.g., a SatelliteBased Augmentation System (SBAS)) that may be associated with, orotherwise enabled, for use with one or more global and/or regionalnavigation satellite systems. By way of example but not limitation, anSBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrityinformation, differential corrections, etc., such as, e.g., Wide AreaAugmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation OverlayService (EGNOS), Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS),GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigationsystem (GAGAN), and/or the like. Thus, as used herein, an SPS mayinclude any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigationsatellite systems and/or augmentation systems, and SPS signals mayinclude SPS, SPS-like, and/or other signals associated with such one ormore SPS.

In some embodiments, the environment 100 may further include a network110 (e.g., a cellular wireless network, a WiFi network, a packet-basedprivate or public network, such as the public Internet), incommunication with one or more of the servers 120, 122, and/or thevarious wireless nodes of the environment 100. Either of the servers 120and 122 may communicate, via the network 110 or via wirelesstransceivers included with the servers 120 and 122, with multiplenetwork elements or nodes, and/or mobile wireless devices. For example,the server 120 may be configured to establish communication links withone or more of the WLAN nodes (e.g., in order to establish acommunication link with a device, such as the device 108), such as theaccess points 106 a-e, which may be part of the network 110, tocommunicate data and/or control signals to those access points, andreceive data and/or control signals from the access points. Each of theaccess points 106 a-e can, in turn, establish communication links withdevices (e.g., mobile devices) located within range of the respectiveaccess points 106 a-e. The servers 120 and 122 may also be configured toestablish communication links (directly via a wireless transceiver(s),or indirectly, via a network connection) with one or more of the WWANnodes (such as the WWAN access points 104 a-c depicted in FIG. 1, whichmay also be part of the network 110), and/or to establish communicationlinks with a wireless device, such as the device 108.

With reference to FIG. 2, a flowchart of an example procedure 200 tofacilitate provisioning of tracking session data (emergency data ormetadata) by a device (which may be a personal mobile device, avehicle-installed wireless device, etc., and which similar inconfiguration and functionality to the device 108 depicted in FIG. 1) insituations involving an emergency is shown. Details regarding theprocedure 200 are also provided with respect to FIG. 3 showing anexample call flow diagram 300 illustrating example implementations ofdata communication in emergency situations. Thus, as shown, theprocedure 200 includes receiving 210 by a device (such as the device108) a triggering message from an emergency call server (which may besimilar, in configuration and/or functionality, to the server 120 ofFIG. 1) responsive to an indication of an emergency condition at thedevice to trigger a tracking session to periodically collect and sendtracking session data associated with the device to one or more servers.The indication of the emergency condition may have been sent at theinitiative of the device, or may have been sent by another device(associated with a third-party reporting an emergency involving anotherparty). Examples of the indication of the emergency conditiontransmitted to the emergency call server include an E911-based message,an eCall message, and so on. The indication of the emergency condition(i.e., emergency message) may be transmitted to the emergency callserver through one or more access points with which the device mayestablish a communication link. For example, in FIG. 1 the emergencymessage may be communicated to the emergency call server 120 via thebase station 104 a. However, a communication link to the emergency callserver 120 may be established via any other of the access points, viathe network 110, or directly between the device and the server 120(i.e., without any intermediary nodes through which the emergencymessage is to be routed). The establishment of an emergency sessionbetween the device and the emergency call server may includeestablishment of voice-based communication link between the two devices,as well as a data and control channel between the two devices (which mayoperate autonomously from the voice-data link/channel). The voice-basedlink may connect a live operator with the user operating the devicesending the indication of the emergency condition. Alternatively, thevoice-based link may connect the user of the device with an automatedvoice prompt that guides the user to provide pertinent informationregarding the emergency. In some embodiments, the indication of theemergency may be sent as one of a long-term evolution positioningprotocol (LPP) message, a session initiation protocol (SIP) message, auniversal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) message, or a securedhypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS), or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, the indication of the emergency condition may be initiatedby the device (e.g., the device detects, determines, or is notified ofthe existence of an emergency condition, and commences communicationwith the emergency call server). Alternatively, the indication of theemergency condition may be communicated to the emergency call server inresponse to a message (e.g., a broadcast message) that the devicereceives from the emergency call server (for example, the emergency callserver may be configured to poll devices to determine if any of thosedevices may have an existing emergency condition). In some embodiments,a triggering message sent by the emergency call server (in response to areporting message sent by some device associated with a third-party thatis different from the user of the device to which the triggering messageis sent) may be configured to cause the receiving device (e.g., thedevice 108) to respond to the request message in some manner (forexample, to enter a tracking session with some designated emergencytracking server) without the device or its user being able to exercisediscretion.

Example operations to cause notification of an emergency condition andto communicate tracking session data are also illustrated in FIG. 3,which shows an example emergency-call-request message 310 which may betransmitted from a target device 302 (which may be similar to, inconfiguration and/or functionality, to the device 108 of FIG. 1) to anemergency call server 304 (which may be similar, in configuration and/orfunctionality, to the server 120 of FIG. 1). As noted, the indication ofthe emergency condition may have been transmitted from another,different, device that reports an emergency involving the device 302 orthe user of the device 302. In some implementations, the server 304 maybe a PSAP server. The emergency-call-request message 310 may beconfigured according to a session initiation protocol (SIP), a long-termevolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP), a universal mobiletelecommunication system (UMTS) protocol, a secured hypertext transferprotocol (HTTPS), or may be configured according to any othercommunication protocol for establishing connectivity and interactivitybetween the target device (108 or 302) and another device/server. Asshown in FIG. 3, the emergency-call-request message 310 (in thisexample, transmitted from the device 302) may include information suchas the device (UE) capabilities to provide data regarding thecapabilities and resources of the mobile device (e.g., available tosupport communications sessions), and the emergency type (e.g., medical,vehicular, criminal, etc.) Although not shown in FIG. 3, the dataincluded with the emergency call request message 310 may also include,in some embodiments, positioning information, e.g., a positionapproximation derived by the target device and/or by a location serverbased on signals received by the target device, measurements of signalsreceived by the target device and communicated in whole or in part tothe server 304, indication of near-by access points (from which anapproximate or coarse position of the mobile device may be derived),etc. Other information that may be included with the message 310 mayinclude current battery level, an estimate of how much data collectionthe device could be able to afford with current battery level, and soon.

In some implementations, the data included with the emergency callrequest message 310 may be used to determine, e.g., by the emergencycall server 304 and/or by some other server, whether a tracking session(which is generally a separate/different session than the currentemergency call session established between the target device 302 and theemergency call server 304) should be established between the targetdevice 302 and one or more emergency tracking servers, such as a server306 depicted schematically in FIG. 3 (the server 306 may be similar, inconfiguration and/or functionality, to the server 122 depicted in FIG.1). A determination as to whether a tracking session should beestablished may be based, for example, on the device capabilities of thetarget device 302 that may have been communicated in the message 310.For instance, the capabilities information may include such informationas the transceivers and/or sensors of the target device 302,communication protocols that are supported by the target device 302,etc., and may thus indicate whether the target device can establish atracking session with the emergency tracking server 306. Alternativelyand/or additionally, the decision to start a tracking session may beconditioned so that a minimum amount of battery power needs to currentlybe available at the device (in such embodiments, the request message 310may thus include the battery level of the target device). A trackingsession request may be communicated to the target mobile device 302 inresponse to a determination that the device capabilities for the device(as specified, for example, in the message 310) match or exceed therequirements/criteria for establishing a tracking session. Thedetermination as to whether the tracking session should be establishedmay also be based on the type of emergency indicated in the informationcommunicated in the message 310. For example, a medical emergency maywarrant a tracking session in order to periodically send updateinformation about a person's on-going medical condition (the person maybe the user of the target device that sent the message 310), send dataabout changes to the user location (so that a dispatched emergency crewwould more quickly locate the person affected), etc. On the other hand,an emergency to report possible criminal activity affecting a personother than the caller may not warrant transmission of periodic trackingsession data (e.g., because the reporting person may have left the sceneand can no longer provide data germane to the emergency situation).Furthermore, the determination as to whether a tracking session shouldbe initiated may also be based on input from a live operator with whichthe user of the target device may be interacting. For example,notwithstanding that the target device may have the requisitecapabilities to support a tracking session, it may be decided by thelive operator to forego a tracking session if the live operatordetermines, for example, that the emergency does not warrant a trackingsession (e.g., the emergency is of a relative minor nature), that theuser of the device is reporting the emergency on behalf of some thirdparty (in which case, obtaining further tracking session data would notprovide any further useful information), the tracking session itself mayplace the device user in a more dangerous situation than the currentone, etc. Thus, any number of procedures/techniques to determine whethera tracking session should be established based onfactors/criteria/requirements, such as the type of emergency, devicecapabilities, device battery level, user condition (e.g., not tracking athird party reporting the emergency but not otherwise affected by it),may be implemented (including procedures to send a request to one ormore devices that have not initiated an emergency call, to trigger atracking session on them, e.g., disaster scenarios).

Thus, if it is determined that a tracking session is to be initiated,the emergency call server 304 is configured to transmit a triggeringmessage, e.g., a Request Metadata Tracking message 320 in the example ofFIG. 3, that is configured to cause the receiving device (in this case,the target device 302) to trigger or commence a tracking session, aswill be more particularly discussed below, to cause the mobile device toperiodically collect and send tracking session data (metadata oremergency data) associated with the mobile device to one or moreemergency tracking servers. The tracking session that is to be initiatedis separate (e.g., different and/or independent) from the emergency callsession between the emergency call server 304 and the device 302. Themessage 320 may be configured or formatted according to the samecommunication protocol as that of the initiating message 310 (e.g.,according to a SIP protocol, an LPP protocol, a UMTS protocol, a HTTPSprotocol, or some other protocol), and may include (e.g., in data fieldsdefined for the message) such information as the data types (denoted“metadata Type” in FIG. 3) that are to be collected and periodicallycommunicated by the target mobile device to an emergency tracking server(e.g., for a medical emergency, the data types may include positioningdata reflecting changes to the position of the mobile device, biometricdata, etc.), and information identifying the emergency trackingserver(s) (denoted as “ETSServer URL” in FIG. 3) to which the trackingdata (or metadata) collected by the target device 302 is to betransmitted. For example, in some embodiments, the message 320 mayinclude a URL identification for the emergency tracking server(s), anetwork address, a telephone number, some other unique identifier of theserver(s) that will receive the collected metadata or tracking sessiondata, etc. In some embodiments, upon receipt, by the target device 302,of the triggering message (e.g., the Request Metadata Tracking message320), the communication link between the target device 302 and theemergency call server 304 may be terminated.

Turning back to FIG. 2, having received the triggering message, thetracking session, separate (e.g., different and/or independent) from theemergency call session between the device and the emergency call server,is established 220 between the device (108 or 302) and one or moreservers. In some embodiments, establishment of the separate trackingsession requires establishment of different communication links withemergency tracking server(s) (such as the server 122 of FIG. 1, or theserver 306 of FIG. 3). In some embodiments, the emergency call server304 may also be used to realize the emergency tracking server 306configured to receive, process and communicate tracking data from targetdevices (such as the mobile device 108 or the device 302 of FIGS. 1 and3, respectively).

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the target device may communicate an Emergencytrack request message 330 to one or more servers that were identified inthe Request Metadata Tracking message 320 the target device 302received, e.g., the Emergency track request message 330 may betransmitted to the emergency tracking server(s) corresponding to theURL's that were provided by the server 304 in the message 320. TheEmergency track request message 330 may include the device capabilitiesof the device 302 (which may be the same or different from theinformation provided with the message 310 communicated to the emergencycall server 304), information of the emergency type (which may also bethe same or different from the information regarding the emergency typeprovided with the message 310), device level of battery or an estimateof how long the device is able to sustain a tracking session, and mayalso provide an initial snap shot of the tracking data that is to beperiodically sent by the target device 302 (the metadata/trackingsession data is provided in the “e-metadata” field of the message 330).As described herein, the particular tracking session data that is to becollected may have been determined during the emergency call sessionbetween the server 304 and the target device, and specified in theRequest Metadata Tracking message 320 sent by the server 304 to thetarget device 302. The Emergency track request message 330 sent to theemergency tracking server(s) may include additional type of informationnot shown in FIG. 3, such as the length of the tracking session neededto be covered until emergency crew arrives, such data being indicativeof an estimated time of arrival (ETA) for the emergency response (whichmay be used to decide on different levels of data granularity to becollected). The message 330 (and any subsequent messages sent during thetracking session) may conform to various communication protocols, suchas the SIP protocol, or any other protocol through which the targetdevice 302 and the emergency tracking server(s) may communicate. Theemergency tracking server(s) 306 is configured to receive the trackingsession data/metadata collected by the target device 302, process it(e.g., derive updated position approximations for the device), deriveupdated information regarding the emergency (e.g., updated biometricinformation), and communicate the data to appropriate devices associatedwith emergency personnel dispatched to handle the emergency or to globaldatabases and expert systems (e.g., to derive and maintain statisticssuch as emergency resolution statistics, insurance risk analysis, etc.)

In some embodiments, and as further illustrated in FIG. 3, in responseto receiving the Emergency track request message 330 from the targetdevice 302 (which may have included the target device's capabilities,emergency type, and/or a set of tracking session data collected by thetarget device), the emergency tracking server 306 may generate andcommunicate to the target device 302 an Emergency track response message340. In order to limit the processing load for the server(s) 306 (whichmay be based on the number of devices/clients served by the server 306,bandwidth and/or other resource limitations of the server 306, etc.),the response message 340 may include, in some embodiments, dataindicating a maximum periodicity (e.g., maximum frequency of datatransmissions, reflective of the minimum time interval allowed betweenconsecutive transmissions/uploads of tracking data in order to helpprotect the tracking server from crashing due to data transmissionoverload).

In some embodiments, the user and/or any of the one or more emergencytracking servers (such as the server 306 depicted in FIG. 3) may be ableto terminate the triggered tracking session. For example, if the user isnot directly involved in the emergency (and merely reported theoccurrence of the emergency), that user may not wish to have its devicetransmit tracking session data (with such tracking session data havingbeen automatically scheduled for transmission as a result of thetriggering message sent from the emergency call server). In thatsituation, the user may be able to enter a code (a password) and/orfollow some sequence of operations (e.g., press buttons of the deviceaccording to some pre-determined pattern) in order to override thetriggered tracking session (which may also have resulted in the deviceentering an emergency power setting, as will more particularly bedescribed below). In another example, the emergency tracking server(e.g., the server 122 of FIG. 1 or the server 306 of FIG. 3), maydetermine that the tracking session may be terminated (e.g., due toresource constraints because, for example, there is not enough bandwidthto track a large number of current tracking sessions, because anemergency crew reached the place of emergency, or for some otherreason). Under such circumstances, the emergency tracking server(s) maybe configured to transmit a session-termination message configured tocause the device to abort the tracking session, including to revert tonormal power setting for the device and to terminate the links betweenthe device and the emergency tracking server(s). In addition, theemergency tracking server may direct the device to change its trackingbehavior, such as the type of tracking data to be collected, the amountof data to be collected, or a combination thereof. Yet another commandmessage could direct the device to seek the continuation of the trackingsession with a different emergency tracking server than the onecurrently handling the tracking session, due to, for instance,limitations of the current tracking server to handle the device trackingsession (e.g., redirection to another tracking server).

As noted, in some embodiments, in response to receiving the triggeringmessage from the emergency call server (to which the indication of theemergency condition was sent) to establish the separate trackingsession, the device may be placed in a reduced-power tracking modestate. For example, power provided to sub-systems of the device notrequired to collect or communicate the tracking session data associatedwith the device is reduced, and at least partial power to one or moresensor or communication sub-systems of the device is provided to causethe one or more sensor or communication sub-systems to operate at leastpartially while the device is in the reduced-power tracking mode statein order to communicate to the one or more servers at least some of thetracking session data. Thus, when a tracking session is commenced, thetarget device enters (generally automatically) an emergency powersetting in order to preserve power so that the device's resources can bededicated to supporting the tracking session and dealing with theemergency condition. In the reduced-power tracking mode state, thetarget device's sub-systems, such as the display/video sub-system, theapplication processor sub-system (supporting general purposenon-emergency related functionality, for example, e-mail functionality),and other similar sub-systems controlling functions that are notrequired for collecting or communicating emergency data, have theirfunctions significantly reduced (or altogether shut off). For example,the application processor may go through a clean-up process, with mostbackground activities being shut down, and may inform other sub-systemsof the emergency mode. The application processor sub-system may beplaced in reduced-power state (or sleep mode) as soon as emergency callfinishes and emergency tracking session commences. The emergencyreduced-power tracking mode state setting may be realized using apre-determined or a dynamically derivable power profile (e.g., based ontracking parameters specified, for example, in the message 340 sent byan emergency tracking server) to shut off and/or provide power at aspecified level to various ones of the device's sub-systems.

As noted, during an interval occurring while the device is under theemergency power setting (i.e., the reduced-power tracking mode statesetting), some sensors and other sub-systems (including thecommunication sub-systems, such as the various transceivers of themobile device) may be kept awake so as to operate with at least partialcapability or capacity. For example, the modem sub-system, which isresponsible for requesting, collecting, and uploading device metadata toa location server, may, when an emergency condition has occurred, querythe Bluetooth® wireless technology sub-system to determine/identifyavailable wearables, and register Bluetooth® wireless technology datacollection, as well as WLAN (e.g., WiFi) and WWAN data collection. Awake-up timer for tracking session data (emergency data/metadata)gathering, packing, and uploading may be set accordingly. In anotherexample, the connectivity sub-systems (e.g., the WWAN/WLAN/Bluetooth®wireless technology transceivers) may be kept awake (e.g., in hard awakestate, regardless of device power status), to generate and communicateWWAN/WLAN data, as well as to connect to wearables (e.g., via Bluetooth®wireless technology, or via some other near-field technology). As afurther example, the sensor sub-system may be kept in hard awake stateso as to generate sensor data (from the accelerometer, the gyroscope,barometer, etc.) if needed. In some embodiments, at least some ofsub-systems required to collect and communicate tracking session datamay be intermittently (for power saving purpose) powered on to collectdata and/or perform measurements.

The sensors or other sub-systems that would be required to collect andcommunicate data may be determined, at least in part, based on thetracking parameter specified, for example, in the response message suchas the message 340, sent to the device as part of the tracking-sessionestablishment procedure. At specified time instances during the trackingsession (while the device is operating under the emergency-powersetting) one or more of communication transceivers may be powered on tocause a periodic transmission of at least some of the tracking sessiondata collected (such data either being collected during the interval, orupon sub-systems involved in the emergency data collection andcommunication being awaken according to the determined wake-up times).While the actual power consumption of the device may fluctuate when thedevice is performing a tracking session, the total power consumed duringthat time may generally not exceed some pre-determined level (which, asnoted, is a level reduced from the power level achieved during normaloperation of the device when the device is not supporting a trackingsession due to an emergency condition).

Sensor devices and modules which may be kept awake (although may beoperated at a lower than normal power setting) may include sensorshoused within the device, including one or more inertial/orientationsensors (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, etc.), athermometer, a barometer, an optical sensor, a humidity sensor, anambient light sensor, and so on. The sensors devices and modules thatcollect tracking session data may also include sensors that are housedoutside the device (possibly even remotely from the device), and mayinclude one or more biometric sensors (e.g., heart monitor, oxygenmonitor, respiratory sensor, etc.), one or more vehicle sensors for avehicle from which the emergency message was sent (e.g., oil gaugesensor, engine temperature sensor, fuel gauge sensor, dashboard-basedgauges and sensors, etc.) Sensors not directly coupled to the device,such as vehicle sensors, or various biometric sensors, may need toestablish communication links (e.g., via near-field transceivers orinterfaces of the device), and thus the emergency power settingactivated during a tracking session may be used (e.g., by a controllerof the mobile device) to periodically/intermittently initiate acommunication link to any one of the remote sensor devices or modules inorder to obtain measurement/tracking data from those sensor devicesand/or modules.

The target device's sensors devices and modules, which may operateduring a tracking session, may also include transceivers and othersensory modules (e.g., an RTT module, an RSSI module, etc.) toread/measure radio signals from network nodes (e.g., WLAN nodes, WWANnodes, near-field nodes, etc.), which may be used (by the target deviceor by a remote server, such as the emergency tracking server 306 or someother location server) to determine location-based data for the device.As such, data collected by these sensor devices may includelocation-based data, WiFi access point information, Bluetooth low energy(BTLE) information, and/or ranging information. The data collectedduring the tracking session may also include identification informationassociated with the target device (e.g., its MAC address), as well asdata collected via direct coupling ports (e.g., USB ports). Some of thedevice's communication and sensor sub-systems (e.g., one or more of itstransceivers, such as WWAN or WLAN transceivers) may, at leastperiodically, be put in their ON state in order to transmit to remotedevices/nodes (such as the emergency tracking server 306 of FIG. 3) datacollected by the sensors and other sub-systems that the device maintainsin an active state, or a partial active state, during the trackingsession.

In some embodiments, when the target device enters a tracking session,the device may be configured to prevent or inhibit deactivation ofsensor and communication sub-systems of the device required forcollection and communication of the tracking session data. Thus, inorder to ensure that emergency service can be provided to remedy theemergency condition, the device may be configured to continue operatingin emergency mode (e.g., reduced power state) in which tracking sessiondata can still be collected and communicated to emergency trackingservers even if the user attempts (and possibly succeeds) to shut down(e.g., power down) the device.

Turning back to FIG. 2, tracking session data collected during thetracking session (from sensors and other sub-systems that are activatedor contacted, intermittently or continually, by the device while thedevice is operating in reduced-power/emergency-power state) is sent 230to the one or more servers (e.g., emergency tracking servers that mayeach be dedicated to a particular emergency, such as a fire emergency, amedical emergency, a rescue emergency, a road-side emergency, etc.) withwhich the device has established the tracking session. In someembodiments, the device (e.g., the device 108 of FIG. 1 or the device302 of FIG. 3) may determine the time instance(s) at which tosend/transmit at least some of the collected tracking session data. Theperiodicity of the intervals to collect data, and/or the time instancesat which at least some of data collected in the preceding interval(s) isto be sent, may be elastic/adjustable, i.e., the device may determineadjustable periods to collect and send tracking session data based on,for example, a maximum periodicity value (which may have been determinedby the one or more emergency servers and indicated, for example, in themessage 340 sent to the device), battery level of the device (e.g., asbattery level decreases, the period between consecutive transmissions tothe one or more emergency servers may be extended so as to preservepower), the time that has elapsed since the indication of the emergencycondition was last transmitted to the emergency call server (e.g., insome embodiments, the more time that has elapsed, the less useful someof data collect may become), amount of data collected, connectivitybandwidth, estimated arrival time of the emergency crew, etc. Thus, insome embodiments, sending the tracking session data may includedetermining at a first time instance one or more subsequent wake-uptimes to transmit data to the one or more servers. Determining the oneor more subsequent wake-up times may include determining one or moresubsequent adjustable periodic wake-up times to transmit the trackingsession data to the one or more servers based on, for example, chargelevel of a battery of the device, time elapsed since the emergencymessage (e.g., the indication of the emergency condition) wascommunicated, a maximum periodicity for communicating by the device thetracking session data, or connectivity bandwidth, or any combinationthereof.

The tracking session data transmitted is subsequently received andprocessed by the one or more emergency servers. For example, the one ormore emergency servers (e.g., emergency tracking servers) may use thereceived tracking session data to update location data for the targetdevice (e.g., they may use range information, other types oflocation-based measurements, inertial sensor measurements, as well aspreviously computed location approximations for the device, to derive acurrent location approximation for the device). In embodiments in whichthe tracking session data includes sensor data from sensors external tothe device (e.g., biometric sensors and/or vehicle sensors incommunication with the device), the one or more emergency trackingserver may compute information relevant to the emergency condition(e.g., vitals for a user of the device who is experiencing a medicalemergency). Processing of the received tracking session data may alsoinclude communicating data (e.g., the actual raw data received from thedevice, or resultant processed data processed based on the raw datareceived from the device) to one or more remote devices such as devicesassociated with emergency crews dispatched to handle the emergencycondition, and/or communicating the data to specialized database andexpert systems (e.g., to compute statistics for insurance risk analysis,for emergency resolution analysis, etc.)

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the periodic sending of trackingsession data to the example emergency tracking server 306 with which thedevice 302 has established a tracking session link. In the example ofFIG. 3, upon receiving the emergency track response message 340 from theemergency tracking server 306, which includes the tracking parameterswith respect to which the target device is to communicate data, and amaximum periodicity value, the device may compute one or more subsequenttime instances at which tracking session data (e.g., according to thetracking parameters indicated in the message 340) will be collected fortransmission. In some embodiments, the device may compute only a singlesubsequent time instance, and will compute the next after sending thecorresponding set of tracking session data at that subsequent timeinstance. Determining only a single subsequent time instance at a timemay be done, for example, when determination of the transmission timesdepends heavily on the power level of the battery, degree (amount) ofdata change from one collection to the next (e.g., how much the data haschanged), and other such considerations. In such circumstances,computation of the data gathering/transmission times may be performedone at a time so that, for example, upon computation of the next datagathering/transmission time, the most up-to-date power level of thedevice's battery may be taken into account. On the other hand, in someembodiments, multiple subsequent data gathering/transmission times maybe computed, with the time interval length between successive intervalincreasing (in some embodiments) according to some formulation that isbased on one or more of, for example, the battery level, the maximumperiodicity value, the time elapsed since the indication of theemergency condition was sent to the emergency call server, the nature ofthe emergency, the bandwidth available for transmission of the collecteddata, other resources that are available to the device to performtransmission of the tracking session data, and/or on other factors.

Thus, in FIG. 3, at some time T1, a subsequent time instance, T2, may bedetermined at which tracking session data collected by the device 302will be sent, via message 350, to the emergency tracking server 306. Thedevice may determine at T1, or at some other later point (e.g., at timeT2, when the message 350 is transmitted) a further time instance T3 atwhich tracking session data collected by the device (e.g., datacollected either between the time instances T2 and T3, or approximatelyat the time instance T3) is communicated, via a message 360, to theemergency tracking server 306. The period between T3 and T2 defines, forthe example of FIG. 3, the initial periodicity. The device 302 may alsodetermine the subsequent time instance (i.e., the next transmissiontimes) T4, T5, and/or additional time instances, with some of thosefuture time instances either determined together (i.e., substantiallysimultaneously) or separately. As shown in FIG. 3, the periods betweentransmission times may remain constant for some of the intervals (e.g.,the period defined by T4 and T3 is substantially the same, in theexample of FIG. 3, as the initial periodicity defined by T3 and T2), butmay change for later transmission times. For example, the periodicitysubsequent to the transmission of a tracking session data message 370 atT4 may be decreased (e.g., if, for example, the battery level for thedevice 302 has decreased to an extent that requires longer intervalsbetween transmissions), and, therefore, the period defined by thetransmission time instances T5 (at which a tracking session data message380 is transmitted) and T4 is larger than for earlier periods. Theadjustable time period may be constrained by the “maximum periodicity”value received, for example, with the emergency track response message340 sent by the emergency tracking server 306. The maximum periodicityvalue may correspond to the maximum pace (frequency) of datatransmission that the emergency tracking server may need to handle bythe device under distress/emergency (thus defining a minimum timeinterval between transmissions). This may ensure that the trackingserver(s) can budget its own load based, for instance, on the number ofdevices in distress it is currently handling.

As further shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the tracking sessionmay be terminated by the emergency tracking server 306 which transmits aRequest Metadata Tracking Modification/Termination message 390. In someembodiments, termination of the tracking session may be initiated by thedevice 302, or by some other device or entity. The message 390, whenreceived and processed by the device 302, is configured to cause thecommunication links between the device 302 and the emergency trackingserver 306 to be terminated, and for the tracking session operations(e.g., collection and communication of tracking session data at timeinstances determined by the device 302) to be terminated. Thetermination of the tracking session also causes normal power setting,and normal device operation, to be restored. In some embodiments, themessage 390 may alternatively and/or additionally be configured tomodify the tracking session (e.g., to request the device 302 to modifythe types of data it collects and transmits, to modify the times atwhich that data is sent, request change of tracking server serving thedistressed device, etc.)

In some embodiments, messages sent during an emergency call sessionand/or a tracking session may be communicated with at least a portion ofthe communicated data being processed (e.g., signed/encrypted) using aprivate key (from an asymmetric private/public cryptographic key, suchas an ECDSA key) assigned to the originating/transmitting device toconfirm the authenticity of the communicated data/identity of device.The receiving device can subsequently use the public key of theoriginating device (that public key may already be available at thereceiving device, be it the mobile device or one of the servers) todecrypt the encrypted portion of the transmitted data to thus confirmthe authenticity of the data, as well as identity of the device underdistress (and possibly the identity of the device user). For example,data transmitted by the originating device (such as the mobile device108 or the device 302 of FIGS. 1 and 3) may include some predeterminedmessage that is encrypted using the originating device's private key.The receiving/destination device (e.g., the servers 120, 122, 304,and/or 306 depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3) decrypts that encrypted message torecover the message, and compares it to the expected predeterminedmessage that was supposed to be sent by the originating device. If thereis a match, the data received at the destination device is deemed tohave been received from the correct device or user. Authentication ofthe device producing the data may be used to protect against, forexample, prank calls. In some embodiments, in addition to encrypting atleast a portion of the data communicated by the originating device inorder to authenticate the data, at least some other portion of thecommunicated data may be encrypted so as to secure the data. Forexample, the data transmitted (e.g., tracking session data transmittedto an emergency tracking server) may be encrypted using a secretencryption key (which may be a symmetric or asymmetric cryptographickey) that is known, or is disclosed, to the receiving/destinationdevice. Data security may be implemented in order to ensure thesoundness of the data communicated, and/or to provide data privacy(e.g., to protect against hackers/rogue individuals trying to foilemergency service providers from responding to the emergency situation).

With reference now to FIG. 4, a flowchart of an example procedure 400,generally performed at an emergency call server (such as the server 120of FIG. 1 or the server 304 of FIG. 3), to process emergencycommunications and facilitate establishment of a tracking session, isshown. The procedure 400 includes receiving 410 by an emergency callserver an indication of an emergency condition at a device (such as themobile device 108 or the device 302 of FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively). Asdescribed herein, the indication of the emergency condition may be amessage configured according to any one of various possible protocols,including session initiation protocol (SIP), a long-term evolution (LTE)positioning protocol (LPP), secured hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS),a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) protocol, or othertypes of protocols. The received indication of the emergency conditionmay include such information as the device capabilities of the device,data representative of the type of emergency, location-based data,device processing capabilities, etc.

In some embodiments, transmission of the indication of the emergencycondition may have been initiated by the target device, e.g., upondetermining the existence of an emergency, the device, such as thedevice 108 of FIG. 1, sends an initiating/originating message to anemergency call server. In some embodiments, the indication of theemergency condition may have been transmitted by the target device inresponse a broadcast message (which may be one of periodicallytransmitted broadcast messages) transmitted by the emergency callserver. Thus, in such embodiments, receiving the indication of theemergency condition may include transmitting to one or more devices,including the device, a broadcast message configured to cause adetermination of whether at least one of the one or more devices has anemergency, and receiving, in response to the broadcast messagetransmitted by the emergency call server, a reply message from thedevice, the reply message including the indication of the emergencycondition. Additionally, in some embodiments, a user device receiving anunsolicited message (i.e., a message received independently of thedevice's actions) from an emergency call server may be configured, inresponse to that received message, to respond to that unsolicitedmessage or to establish a tracking session with some designatedemergency tracking server, without the device or its user exercising anydiscretion as to whether to take action in response to the unsolicitedmessage (e.g., in situation where the receiving device's user is notable to respond to the unsolicited message).

Having received the indication of the emergency condition, adetermination is made 420 whether the device is to be tracked based, atleast in part, on the indication of the emergency condition. Asdiscussed herein, determining whether a tracking session should beestablished may be based, for example, on the device capabilitiesinformation of the target device from which the indication of theemergency condition was received. For example, the capabilitiesinformation may indicate whether the target device is capable ofestablishing a tracking session with an emergency tracking server(directly or via other network node(s)). Whether the target device cansupport a tracking session may depend on, for example, the types oftransceivers included with the device, the types of communicationprotocols that can be supported by the device, types of sensors includedwith the device, battery level of the device, etc. In another example,the type of emergency may be used to determine if a tracking session isrequired, e.g., a medical emergency may warrant a tracking session inorder to periodically collect and send update information about aperson's on-going medical condition. Furthermore, the determination asto whether a tracking session should be initiated may also be based oninput from a live operator with which the user of the target device maybe interacting. In some embodiments, the emergency call server may alsobe configured to determine a position of the device based, at least inpart, on location-based data (e.g., data representative of identity ofaccess points with which the device is interacting, measurement datasuch as RTT or RSSI measured by the device for signals it has received,etc.) included in the received indication of the emergency condition.Such positioning data may also be used to determine whether or not totrigger a tracking session, and, if so, the identity of the emergencytracking servers with which the device should establish a trackingsession.

In response to a determination (made at 420) that the device is to betracked, a triggering message (configured according to the same ordifferent protocol as the indication of the emergency condition receivedfrom the target device) is transmitted 430 from the emergency callserver in order to trigger at the device (that communicated theindication of the emergency condition) a tracking session to cause thedevice to periodically collect and send tracking session data to one ormore servers, with the tracking session (established between the deviceand the one or more tracking servers) being separate (e.g., differentand/or independent) from the emergency call session that was establishedbetween the device and the emergency call server. The triggering messagemay include data such as the type of emergency data (the trackingsession data) the device should collect and send to an emergencytracking server (the type of data to collect and send may be determinedbased on the device capabilities data specified in the indication of theemergency condition, based on the emergency type, etc.) In someembodiments, the triggering message transmitted to the device is furtherconfigured to cause the device to operate in a reduced-power trackingmode state in which power to sub-systems of the device not required forcollecting and/or communicating tracking session data associated withthe device is reduced (e.g., power is substantially cutoff for thosesub-systems/modules that are not essential for tracking the device), andin which one or more sensor or communication sub-systems of the device,configured to perform collection and communication of the trackingsession data, operate at least partially while the device is in thereduced-power tracking mode state. In situations where the emergencycall server receives a reporting message (with the indication of theemergency condition at the target device) from another device (differentfrom the target device) associated with a third-party (e.g., the user ofthat target device may have become unconscious or is the perpetrator ofthe emergency), the triggering message may mandate/require the targetdevice to enter a tracking session. Thus, in such situations,transmitting the triggering message from the emergency call server mayinclude transmitting a mandatory tracking session command (e.g., inresponse to the determination that the device is to be tracked) to causethe device to establish the tracking session, where the mandatorytracking session command cannot be overridden by the device or by a userof the device.

The procedure 400 may also include, in some implementations, determiningthe one or more tracking servers with which the device is to establishthe separate tracking session. The determination of the tracking serversmay be based, for example, on the location of the target device, thedevice's capabilities, etc. The device's location may be determined bythe emergency call server based on, for example, location data providedby the target device (e.g., location data included with the indicationof the emergency condition, or included in a separate message), with thelocation data including signal/timing measurements, coarse location(e.g., provided as identifiers of the cell area or of nodes incommunication with the device), and so on. Alternatively, the exact orapproximate location may be computed directly by the target device. Theemergency call server(s) may determine one or more identifiersrepresentative of the one or more determined tracking servers, andprovide those identifiers to the target device. The identifier may beURL's or some other type of addressing information associated with thedetermined tracking servers (e.g., IP address), which the target devicecan then use to contact those one or more tracking servers. In someembodiments, the procedure 400 may also include terminating theemergency call session to be (e.g., by sending a message configured tocause the device to end or abort the emergency call session).

Turning next to FIG. 5, a flowchart of an example procedure 500,generally performed at an emergency tracking server (such as the server122 of FIG. 1, or the server 306 of FIG. 3), to receive and processemergency data (also referred to as metadata or tracking session data),is shown. The procedure 500 includes receiving 510 by at least oneserver (e.g., an emergency tracking server), from a device (such as themobile device 108 or the device 302 of FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively) arequest (such as the message 330 of FIG. 3) to establish a trackingsession to periodically collect and send tracking session data to the atleast one server relating to an emergency condition at the device. Therequest to establish the tracking session is sent by the device inresponse to a triggering message from an emergency call server (such asthe server 120 or 304 of FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively) to trigger thetracking session. That triggering message may have been sent from theemergency call server in response to a determination (based on anearlier-sent indication of an emergency condition message received bythe emergency call server from the device) that a tracking sessionshould be established. The triggering message is transmitted from theemergency call server to the device during an emergency call session,which is separate from the tracking session, in response to theindication message of the emergency condition at the device transmittedto the emergency call server. In some embodiments, the indicationmessage may have included such data as the device's capabilities, theemergency type, and other information based on which the determinationto establish the tracking session may be made. As noted, in someembodiments, the device is configured to operate during the trackingsession in a reduced-power tracking mode state in which power tosub-systems of the device not required for collecting and communicatingthe tracking session data associated with the device is reduced, and inwhich one or more sensor or communication sub-systems of the device,configured to perform collection and communication of the trackingsession data, operate at least partially while the device is in thereduced-power tracking mode state. In some embodiments, the indicationmessage of the emergency condition at the device (transmitted to theemergency call server) may include, for example, an initiating messagefrom the device regarding the emergency condition, a reply message fromthe device responsive to a polling message from the emergency callserver, or a reporting message from another device to report theemergency condition at the device.

Once the request message has been received by the at least one server,the at least one server sends 520 a reply (e.g., the message 340 of FIG.3) to the device to establish the tracking session. As noted, thetracking session is different from the emergency call session, and thusgenerally requires establishment of communication links different fromthose that were established between the device and the emergency callserver. In some embodiments, sending the reply to the device may includesending the reply with data indicating a maximum periodicity value usedfor determining the one or more wake-up time instances, subsequent tothe first time instance, and with data representative of data parametersto include with the tracking session data sent by the device. Otherdata, included with other fields or portions of the reply to the devicemay also be included, such as the expected time the tracking sessionshould last until emergency crew arrives.

With a tracking session established, the at least one serverperiodically receives 530, from the device, the tracking session datacollected by the device during the tracking session. The periodicallyreceived tracking session data may be received at one or more wake-uptime instances (which are subsequent to a first time instance, e.g.,when the device has received the reply from the at least one server andthe tracking session is established), with those one or more wake-uptime instances determined based, at least in part, on power level of abattery of the device. Other factors/data that may be used to determineone or more wake-up time instances (also referred to as transmissiontimes) include the types of data that is to be transmitted, the type ofemergency involved, the time elapsed since the emergency call (e.g., tothe emergency call server) was made, the expected time of emergency crewarrival, connectivity bandwidth, etc. In some embodiments, the procedure500 may further include determining a position of the device based, atleast in part, on location-determination data (e.g., signal measurementscollected by the device, inertial sensor measurements) included in thereceived tracking session data. The location-determination data receivedduring the tracking session may also be used to update an initialposition approximation derived, for example, during the emergency callsession. Updating of the initial position approximation may beperformed, in some embodiments, using a Kalman filter, a particlefilter, or other location estimation techniques. In some embodiments,the procedure 500 may also include processing (at least some) of thereceived tracking session data (e.g., to determine position of themobile device, determine physical condition of a user, format andarrange the received data, etc.), and transmit at least some of theresulting processed data to one or more devices associated with one ormore emergency service providers. For example, the processing mayinclude real-time processing applied to the received data (e.g., tofilter irrelevant data, update status of the person in distress, etc.)that may be forwarded to wireless devices of police and ambulance crewsthat may have been dispatched to handle/attend the emergency condition.The processing may also include off-line processing, including derivingemergency resolution statistics, performing insurance-risk analysis,etc.

With reference now to FIG. 6, flowchart of an example procedure 600 thatillustrates system-wide operations and interactions between a device(e.g., a wireless mobile device for personal use, a wireless deviceinstalled in a car or a plane, a stationary device, etc.), an emergencycall server, and an emergency tracking server to facilitate collectionand communication of emergency data is shown. As illustrated, theprocedure 600 begins, in some embodiments, with a mobile device, such asthe device 108 or 302 of FIGS. 1 and 3, sending 610 an indication of anemergency condition (e.g., an E-911 message) to an emergency callserver. The indication may be sent directly to the emergency call server(e.g., a PSAP), or via one or more intermediary nodes, and may be sentat the direct initiative of the device or in reply to, for example, amessage (e.g., a broadcast message) from the emergency call server. Insome embodiments, the indication of the emergency condition may havebeen sent by a third-party's device (e.g., mobile phone of a witness toan emergency) to report the occurrence of an emergency involving anotherperson whose device is to be placed into tracking mode. Although thedevice of FIG. 6 is depicted as being in idle state, the device may beperforming one or more tasks unrelated to the emergency situation.

In response to receiving the indication of the emergency condition, theemergency call server (also depicted as being in idle state, but may beperforming one or more tasks), the emergency call server determines 615whether the device is to be tracked. As described herein, thisdetermination may be based, among other things, on information includedin the indication of the emergency condition received from the device,including device capabilities information (e.g., types of transceivers,sensors, communication protocols the device has or supports, which areindicative of whether the device has the communication and datacollection resources to support a tracking session), the type ofemergency, current location of the device, etc. If it is determined thata tracking session is not to be performed (e.g., because the device'sresources are insufficient to support a session, because a live operatordetermined it is not necessary or practical to conduct a trackingsession, etc.), the emergency call session is not initiated (and theemergency call server may return to an idle state or to some other stateto perform tasks such as serving another indication of an emergencycondition from another device). If, on the other hand, it is determined,at 615, that a tracking session is to be performed, the emergency callserver sends 620 (also denoted ‘2’ in FIG. 6) to the device a triggeringmessage (also referred to as a request tracking session message, whichmay be similar to the message 320 of FIG. 3) with data indicating one ormore emergency tracking servers with which the device is to establish atracking session(s). The one or more tracking servers may be identified(e.g., based on location data provided by the target device, the devicecapabilities, etc.) through URL's, various other forms of networkaddressing, other types of network identifiers, and so on. Thetriggering message sent at 620 may include additional data (arranged inadditional fields or message portions), such as an indication of themaximum periodicity to be used during the tracking session's emergencydata transmissions. In situations in which the indication of theemergency condition was transmitted from a third-party's device, it maybe necessary to require the target device (that is to send trackingsession data) to enter a mandatory tracking session (e.g., if thetarget's device user has become unconscious). In that case, thetriggering message may be a mandatory tracking session command thatcannot be overridden by the target device or by its user (or any otherperson).

As further illustrated in FIG. 6, the specified emergency trackingserver (or multiple servers, if more than one is specified) is waiting,prior to establishment of a tracking session between itself and thedevice, for emergency data updates (from the device of the presentexample, and/or from other devices it is serving to facilitate handlingof emergency situations), as indicated in block 625 (also denoted ‘4’ inFIG. 6). When the device receives from the emergency call server thetriggering message, the device may enter, at 630 (denoted ‘5’ in FIG.6), a tracking mode, thus initiating a tracking session. The trackingsession is a separate session (and may be independent of) the emergencycall session between the device and the emergency call server. Themobile device may be configured, upon initiation of the trackingsession, to inform its essential subsystems (emergency resources) tostay awake, even if device is turned off (i.e., locking the device intoa tracking mode even if device is turned off by user). The device mayalso be configured to turn sensors' data collection on, and to collectemergency data (also referred to as tracking session data, ore-metadata) to send to tracking servers. In addition, the applicationprocessor sub-system cleanup process is executed, with backgroundapplications and non-essential sub-systems (e.g., the applicationprocessor, the video processor, etc.) and activities (e.g., e-mailactivities, social networks) being turned off, or have theirfunctionality limited/reduced.

As described herein, the device may be configured (prior to sending arequest to the emergency tracking server or receiving a reply therefrom)to set the wake-up timer and to thus determine (at 635, also denoted ‘6’in FIG. 6) one or more subsequent wake-up time instances at which datacollected since the last transmission of emergency data is communicatedto the emergency tracking session. Determination of the one or moresubsequent wake-up time instances may be a function of the battery levelof the device, but may also be based on such factors as the time elapsedsince the emergency message was sent (i.e., at 610 of FIG. 6), the typesand volume/amount of data that needs to be sent to the emergencytracking server (the data parameters may be determined and specified, insome embodiments, by the emergency tracking server), data novelty acrossdata collections, maximum periodicity value (provided, for example, bythe emergency call server or the emergency tracking server),connectivity bandwidth, etc. In some embodiments, the device isconfigured to slip into an emergency state upon setting the wake-uptimer, and to wait for the emergency data to be collected (e.g., at640).

In some embodiments, the sensor and communication sub-systems (includingtransceivers and other modules that receive and measure radio signals,internal sensors such as inertial sensors, and external sensors, such asbiometric sensors and vehicle-based sensors) may be placed in a powerstate that allows them collect data during the interval preceding thenext wake-up period (such a state may be referred to as reduced-powertracking mode state). Alternatively and/or additionally, in someembodiments, collection of data may be performed when the essentialsub-systems (e.g., sensors sub-systems, communication and modemsub-systems) are awaken. Upon a determination, at 645, that thedetermined wake-up time has been reached, emergency data (trackingsession data) is collected (or has been collected in the intervalbetween the last emergency data transmission and the currenttransmission that is about to take place), as shown at 650 of FIG. 6(also denoted ‘7’), from the device's sub-systems (e.g., sensorsub-system, connectivity/communication sub-system, external sensors(e.g., wearable sensors such as biometric sensors), etc.) Theemergency/tracking-session data collected is packed, or otherwisearranged, into messages (generated according to various possiblemessaging/communication protocols, such as SIP, LPP, HTTPS, UMTS, etc.)In some embodiments, the device may also compute the next wake-up time(the next subsequent time instance) at which the next transmission ofemergency data is to be made, with the computation of the next wake-uptime being based, for example, on the current battery level, timeelapsed since the emergency call was made, the particular data thatneeds to be transmitted, connectivity bandwidth, and/or other factors.As noted, in some embodiments, the device may have computed severalwake-up times at a particular time instance, and thus the device may notneed to compute at 650 the next wake-up time.

The device may be configured next to transmit 655 (also denoted ‘8’ inFIG. 6) to the emergency tracking server (with which it may previouslyhave established a tracking session, separate from the emergencytracking session). The emergency tracking server is configured toprocess 660 (also denoted ‘9’ in FIG. 6) the emergency data receivedfrom the device. For example, as described herein, the current locationapproximation of the device may be determined based onlocation-determination data included in the emergency data (e.g.,inertial sensor data, signal and/or timing measurements for radiosignals detected by the device's various transceivers, etc.),vital-signs data may be determined based on measurements included withthe emergency data, irrelevant data and/or outliers may be filtered outor removed, and so on. Processed data and/or raw data may be arrangedinto data frames or packets and communicated to one or more devicesassociated with one or more emergency service providers (e.g., a policepatrol car, an ambulance crew, etc.) The emergency tracking server mayalso send data to various databases and expert systems (e.g., expertssystems compiling statistics, such as emergency resolution statistics,expert systems to perform insurance risk analysis, etc.)

Additional details regarding the implementations described herein areprovided with respect to FIGS. 7-9, showing additional exampleembodiments. Particularly, with reference to FIG. 7, a flow diagram ofan example process 700 for reporting a medical emergency andestablishing a tracking session to communicate emergency data is shown.In the embodiments of FIG. 7, the example process of handling a medicalemergency is based on an e-911 call flow that is realized, at least inpart, using a long-term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP).Thus, for example, a location server 704, such as an Evolved ServingMobile Location Center (E-SMLC)/E-SLP(SUPL), may send to a target mobiledevice/UE 702 (e.g., in response to an earlier communication from thetarget device 702 to the server 704, or to another server, to advise onan emergency condition) an LPP request capabilities message 710. In someembodiments, the server may have initiated communication with the targetdevice 702 as part of a general process of surveying/polling deviceswithin its range e.g., to periodically communicate (e.g., via broadcastmessages) with user devices (which may be personal devices, wirelessdevices affixed to vehicles, etc.) to cause a determination of whetherone or more of those devices require emergency response services (insuch embodiments, the target devices may be configured to decline thecommunications, e.g., if there is no emergency, or to respond with areply providing the requested information). In some embodiments, theserver may have sent the message 710 in response to receiving anindication of an emergency condition from some other device (differentfrom the device 702) that reported an emergency condition involving thedevice 702.

In response to the LPP request capabilities message 710, the targetdevice 702, which may be similar in configuration and/or functionalityto the devices 108 or 302 of FIGS. 1 and 3, transmits to the server 704an LPP Provide Capabilities message 720, which includes data regardingthe capabilities of the target device. As noted, in some embodiments, ifthe message 710 was sent at the initiative of the server, the device 702may decline the request (e.g., if there is no emergency). If the devicesends the message 720, subsequently, the server 704 transmits to thedevice 702 an Unsolicited LPP Provide Assistance Data RequestCapabilities message 730 and an LPP Request Location Information 740, inresponse to which the target device 702 sends an LPP Provide LocationInformation message 750, with data indicative of the device's location(e.g., best known position). Based on the information, including thedevice capabilities information (provided with the message 720) it hasreceived from the target device, information provided in the initialindication of the emergency condition (which may have been received withor prior to the message with the device capabilities, with thatindication message being received from the device 702 or from adifferent device), etc., the server 704 may determine whether a trackingsession between the target device and an emergency tracking server is tobe established. The identity of the emergency tracking server(s) that isto receive periodical emergency/tracking-session data may be based, forexample, on location information provided by the target device (e.g., inthe message 750), the type of emergency reported by the device, thedevice's capabilities, and/or further location-determination processingperformed by the server 704. If the server 704 determines that atracking session is to be established (e.g., the device capabilitiesinformation indicates that the target device has the resources tosupport a tracking session), the server 704 sends to the target device702 an LPP Request Metadata Tracking message 760, which includes the URLof the emergency tracking server(s) to which emergency data is to besent (alternatively, other information identifying the network addressesor identities of the emergency tracking servers (e.g., IP addresses) maybe included in the message 760).

In the example of FIG. 7, upon receipt of the LPP Request MetadataTracking message 760, the target device 702 establishes a trackingsession (separate from the session it used to communicate with theserver 704) with the emergency tracking server identified in the message760. For example, the target device 702 sends an Invite message 770 tothe emergency tracking server 706 (which may be a PSAP server), and theserver 706 responds with, for example, an OK message 780, which mayinclude, for example, a maximum periodicity value (and may include othertypes of information/parameters, such as the emergency data types thatthe target device is to send to the server 706). The other operationsillustrated in FIG. 7 may be similar to those described in relation toFIG. 3, where the target device determines wake-up times (in order torealize elastic periodicity for sending emergency data, such periodicitybeing a function of at least the battery level of the device), entersemergency power mode (to preserve power), and periodically sendsemergency data (tracking-session data, or metadata), such as the message790, collected prior to respective transmissions. The periodic emergencydata may be sent to the emergency tracking server using, in someembodiments, SIP messages, or using other message types (e.g., LPPmessages, HTTPS message, etc.) In some embodiments, the periodicemergency data provided by the device 702 may include, for example,location information, such as device location, cell ID information,access point information (e.g., MAC address, RSSI/RTT information),barometer information, etc. The emergency data transmitted by the targetdevice 702 may also include medical use information, which may have beencommunicated to the device 702 from wearable devices or sensors (e.g.,via Bluetooth® wireless technology links or other types of near-fieldlinks, or via LAN links), including pulse/heart rate information, bodytemperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation level, etc. In someembodiments, the emergency tracking server may be configured to updateuser location, relay vital signs to emergency crews, and/or feeddistress call records into expert systems and databases (e.g., tomaintain global statistics of emergencies, to perform cause and riskanalysis, etc.)

Turning next to FIG. 8, a flow diagram of an example process 800 forreporting a police emergency and establishing a tracking session tocommunicate emergency data is shown. In the example of FIG. 8, reportingand tracking of a police-type emergency is performed using UMTS eCall.As illustrated, an emergency call server, implemented using a radionetwork controller (RNC) 804, sends an RRC Request Location Informationmessage 810 to a target device 802 (which may be similar inconfiguration and/or functionality to any of the devices 108, 302, and702 described herein). In some embodiments, the RNC 804 mayindependently, i.e., at its own initiative, send the message 810 to thedevice 802 (e.g., as part of a general process to survey/poll deviceswithin its range for location information, information about whetherthere is an emergency, etc.) In such embodiments, the target devicebeing contacted may be configured to determine whether to accept andreply to the request message, or to decline the communication (e.g., ifthere is no emergency). As noted, in some embodiments, a messageinitially sent by the RNC (or some other such emergency call server) maybe configured to cause the receiving device to respond to the requestmessage in some manner (for example, to enter a tracking session withsome designated emergency tracking server) without the device or itsuser being able to exercise discretion. Such embodiments may includesituations where the user may not be able to accept or acknowledge arequest message (e.g., if the user is unconscious or is otherwise unableto respond), when the receiving device's user is engaged in somecriminal activity and thus does not wish to be tracked, etc. In someembodiments, the message 810 may have been sent in response to aninitiating emergency communication message (e.g., indicating theemergency type, device capabilities, location information, etc.) fromthe device 802, or in response to an initiating message from some otherdevice or node reporting the emergency condition.

In response to the message 810, the target device 802 sends an RRCResponse message 820, which may include location information (e.g.,identity of access points in communication with the target device 802),data collected by the device's various sensors, such as barometermeasurements, etc.) Next, the RNC 804 may determine whether a trackingsession should be established (e.g., based on information received inpreceding message, including the message with the indication of theemergency condition), and if so, it sends an RRC Request MetadataTracking message 830 to the target device 802, which may include data toprovide, for example, the maximum periodicity, the type of emergencydata to be sent during the tracking session, the URL of the emergencytracking server (or some other type of addressing or identificationinformation therefor), etc.

Upon receipt of the RRC Request Metadata Tracking message 830, thetarget device 802 establishes a tracking session with the emergencytracking server identified in the message 830. For example, the targetdevice 802 sends a Get message 840, which in the example of FIG. 8includes some emergency data, and device capabilities data. In responseto the message 840, the emergency tracking server 806 sends an OKmessage 850 (which may include such information as the periodicity forcommunicating emergency data, and may include other types ofinformation/parameters, such as the emergency data types that the targetdevice is to send to the server 806). The other operations illustratedin FIG. 8 may be similar to those described in relation to FIGS. 3 and7, in which the target device determines wake-up times (in order torealize elastic periodicity for sending emergency data, such periodicitybeing a function of at least the battery level of the device), entersreduced-power tracking mode state (to preserve power), and periodicallysends emergency data (tracking-session data, or metadata), such as thePOST message 860, collected prior to respective transmissions. Theperiodic emergency data may be sent to the emergency tracking serverusing, in some embodiments, HTTPS messages, or using other message types(e.g., SIP messages, LPP messages, etc.) In some embodiments, theperiodic emergency data provided by the device 802 may include, forexample, location information, such as device location, cell IDinformation, access point information (e.g., MAC address, RSSI/RTTinformation), barometer information, etc. The emergency data transmittedby the target device 802 may also include police use information, suchas navigation-type information (provided through measurements performedby the target device's various inertial sensors), fingerprintinformation (e.g., obtained via a touch-screen of the device, orfingerprint readers), photo samples (obtained via the device's camera),etc. In some embodiments, the emergency tracking server 806 may beconfigured to update user location, estimate user navigation (e.g.,heading information, body position), identify the device's handler oridentify a third party who is the subject of any photos taken (e.g., asuspect), relay vital signs to emergency crews, and/or feed distresscall records into expert systems and databases (e.g., to maintain globalstatistics of emergencies).

With reference to FIG. 9, a flow diagram of an example process 900 forreporting a private road-side emergency and establishing a trackingsession to communicate emergency data is shown. The process 900 beginswith the target device 902 (e.g., a mobile device of a driver, or avehicle-dedicated wireless device), sends an indication of an emergencycondition as an Emergency Road Request message 910. As discussed herein,the indication of the emergency condition may have been transmitted froma device different from the device 902 (e.g., a device that is merelyreporting the emergency condition at the device 902). Alternatively, themessage 910 may have been sent (by the device 902 or some other device)in response to an initiating message from the server 904. The message910 may include location data such as, for example, a locationdetermined based on a GPS-type system, or a location determined based onterrestrial access points. In some embodiments, the message 910 mayinclude other types of location-based information, such as a coarseposition (e.g., expressed as the identity of an access point or basestation with which the device 902 is communicating, or as a set ofsignal measurements of signals received from local access points). Themessage 910 may also include other types of information, such as theemergency type (e.g., road-side problem, optionally identifying specificproblems such as engine problems, flat tire, or something else), anddevice capabilities data. The message 910 may be configured according toone of various possible messaging protocols, including SIP, LPP, UMTS,HTTPS, etc. The message 910 is directed to an emergency call server 904,which may be similar, in configuration and/or functionality, to any ofthe servers 120, 304, 704, or 804 discusses in relation to FIGS. 1, 3,7, and 8. The data included in the message 910 may be split andtransmitted in multiple different messages. The server 904 may thendetermine if a tracking session for the target device 902 is to beestablished, e.g., based on the capabilities of the target device, onthe location of the device (which may indicate if there is an emergencytracking server within range of the target device), etc. If it isdetermined that a tracking session is to be established, a triggeringmessage, such as a Req e-Metadata Tracking message 920, is sent from theserver 904 to the target device 902 to trigger a tracking session thatis separate (e.g., different and/or independent) from the sessionthrough which the target device 902 and the server 904 have beencommunicating. The message 920 may include, for example, an indicationof the maximum periodicity, the types of emergency data to be tracked,and the URL for the emergency tracking server (or some other networkaddressing information, or server identification information). Theparticular emergency tracking server used may be selected based onlocation data, device capabilities data, etc., included with theEmergency Road Request message 910 sent to the server 904.

In the example of FIG. 9, establishment of the session may be achievedby simply sending the first transmission of emergency data, in this casethrough a Provide Metadata Tracking message 930, to the destinationemergency tracking server 906. However, in some embodiments, a messageexchange to request, and then be granted, establishment of a trackingsession may be implemented. Additional operations performed by thetarget device 902 may be similar to those described in relation to FIGS.3, 7, and 8, where the target device may determine one or more wake-uptimes (in order to realize elastic periodicity for sending emergencydata, such periodicity being a function of at least the battery level ofthe device), enters emergency power mode (e.g., reduced-power trackingmode state in order to preserve power), and periodically sends emergencydata (tracking-session data, or metadata), such as the messages 930 or940. The periodic emergency data may be sent to the emergency trackingserver 906 using one or more of various message configurations andprotocols, including SIP, LPP, HTTPS, UMTS, or using other messageprotocols/types. In some embodiments, the periodic emergency dataprovided by the device 902 may include, for example, locationinformation, such as device location, cell ID information, access pointinformation (e.g., MAC address, RSSI/RTT information), barometerinformation, etc. The emergency data transmitted by the target device902 may also include road-side (car assistance) use information, such asnavigation-type information (provided through measurements performed bythe target device's various inertial sensors), car sensor information(car battery level, engine temperature, gas and oil levels, tirepressure, etc.), and other germane information. In some embodiments, theemergency tracking server 906 may be configured to update user location,estimate user navigation (e.g., heading information, body position),relay relevant vehicle information to the emergency crew dispatched tohandle to road-side emergency, and/or feed distress call data (raw orprocessed data) into expert systems and databases (e.g., to maintainglobal statistics of emergencies).

With reference now to FIG. 10, a schematic diagram illustrating variouscomponents of an example wireless device 1000 (e.g., a mobile device),which may be similar, in configuration and/or functionality, to thedevices 108, 302, 702, 802, and 902 depicted in FIGS. 1, 3, and 7-9 isshown. For the sake of simplicity, the variousfeatures/components/functions illustrated in the schematic boxes of FIG.10 are connected together using a common bus to represent that thesevarious features/components/functions are operatively coupled together.Other connections, mechanisms, features, functions, or the like, may beprovided and adapted as necessary to operatively couple and configure awireless device. Furthermore, one or more of the features or functionsillustrated in the example of FIG. 10 may be further subdivided, or twoor more of the features or functions illustrated in FIG. 10 may becombined. Additionally, one or more of the features or functionsillustrated in FIG. 10 may be excluded. In some embodiments, some or allof the components depicted in FIG. 10 may also be used inimplementations of one or more of the nodes/devices 106 a-e and/or 104a-c, and/or the servers 120 and 122 illustrated in FIG. 1, as well asthe servers 304, 306, 704, 706, 804, 806, 904, and 906 shown in FIGS. 3and 7-9. In such embodiments, the components depicted in FIG. 10 may beconfigured to cause the operations performed by devices (wirelessdevices, servers, such as emergency call and tracking servers, etc.) asdescribed herein with respect to, for example, FIGS. 2-9 (e.g., to sendemergency messages, determine whether to establish a tracking session,and/or periodically communicate emergency/tracking-session data if sucha tracking session is established).

As shown, the wireless device 1000 may include one or more local areanetwork/near-field transceivers 1006 that may be connected to one ormore antennas 1002. The one or more local area network/near-fieldtransceivers 1006 comprise suitable devices, circuits, hardware, and/orsoftware for communicating with and/or detecting signals to/from one ormore of the WLAN access points 106 a-e depicted in FIG. 1, and/ordirectly with other wireless devices (e.g., mobile devices) within anetwork. The transceivers 1006 may also be configured to communicatewith near-by devices (e.g., wearable biometric sensors, vehicle-sensors)via such near-field communication technologies as Bluetooth® wirelesstechnology, or via LAN communication links. In some embodiments, thelocal area network/near-field transceiver(s) 1006 may comprise a WiFi(802.11x) communication transceiver suitable for communicating with oneor more wireless access points; however, in some embodiments, the localarea network/near-field transceiver(s) 1006 may be configured tocommunicate with other types of local area networks, personal areanetworks, etc. Additionally, any other type of wireless networkingtechnologies may be used, for example, Ultra Wide Band, ZigBee, wirelessUSB, etc.

The wireless device 1000 may also include, in some implementations, oneor more wide area network transceiver(s) 1004 that may be connected tothe one or more antennas 1002 (or may be connected to dedicated antennasfor WAN-type transceivers). The wide area network transceiver 1004 maycomprise suitable devices, circuits, hardware, and/or software forcommunicating with and/or detecting signals from one or more of, forexample, the WWAN access points 104 a-c illustrated in FIG. 1, and/ordirectly with other wireless devices within a network (including withservers such as the servers 120, 122, 304, 306, 704, 706, 804, 806, 904,and 906 described herein). In some implementations, the wide areanetwork transceiver(s) 1004 may comprise a CDMA communication systemsuitable for communicating with a CDMA network of wireless basestations. In some implementations, the wireless communication system maycomprise other types of cellular telephony networks, such as, forexample, TDMA, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, etc. Additionally, any other type ofwireless networking technologies may be used, including, for example,WiMax (802.16), etc.

In some embodiments, an SPS receiver (also referred to as a globalnavigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver) 1008 may also be includedwith the wireless device 1000. The SPS receiver 1008 may be connected tothe one or more antennas 1002 (or may be connected to its own dedicatedantenna(s)) for receiving satellite signals. The SPS receiver 1008 maycomprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving andprocessing SPS signals. The SPS receiver 1008 may request information asappropriate from the other systems, and may perform the computationsnecessary to determine the position of the device 1000 using, in part,measurements obtained by any suitable SPS procedure. Additionally,measurement values for received satellite signals may be communicated toa location server configured to facilitate location determination.

As further illustrated in FIG. 10, the example wireless device 1000includes one or more sensors 1012 coupled to a processor/controller1010. For example, the sensors 1012 may include motion sensors (alsoreferred to as inertial, orientation, or navigation sensors) to providerelative movement and/or orientation information (which is independentof motion data derived from signals received by the wide area networktransceiver(s) 1004, the local area network transceiver(s) 1006, and/orthe SPS receiver 1008). By way of example but not limitation, the motionsensors may include an accelerometer 1012 a, a gyroscope 1012 b, and ageomagnetic (magnetometer) sensor 1012 c (e.g., a compass), any of whichmay be implemented based on micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS), orbased on some other technology. The one or more sensors 1012 may furtherinclude an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter) 1012 d, athermometer (e.g., a thermistor) 1012 e, an audio sensor 1012 f (e.g., amicrophone) and/or other sensors (such as a humidity sensor, proximitysensor, not shown). The output of the one or more sensors 1012 may beprovided as data transmitted to a remote device or server (via thetransceivers 1004 and/or 1006, or via some network port or interface ofthe device 1000) for storage or further processing. As further shown inFIG. 10, in some embodiments, the one or more sensors 1012 may alsoinclude a camera 1012 g (e.g., a charge-couple device (CCD)-type camera,a CMOS-based image sensor, etc.), which may produce still or movingimages (e.g., a video sequence) that may be displayed on a userinterface device, such as a display or a screen, and that may be furtherused to determine an ambient level of illumination and/or informationrelated to colors and existence and levels of UV and/or infra-redillumination. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors 1012 mayfurther include a separate ambient light sensor (ALS) 1012 h configured,for example, to sense or detect changes in light. Alternatively and/oradditionally, the one or more sensors may include a proximity sensor(which may be the same as, or different from, the ALS 1012 h)implemented, for example, using a photon sensor, a solar cell, etc.

The processor(s) (also referred to as a controller) 1010 may beconnected to the local area network transceiver(s) 1006, the wide areanetwork transceiver(s) 1004, the SPS receiver 1008 and the one or moresensors 1012. The processor may include one or more microprocessors,microcontrollers, and/or digital signal processors that provideprocessing functions, as well as other calculation and controlfunctionality. The processor 1010 may be coupled to storage media (e.g.,memory) 1014 for storing data and software instructions for executingprogrammed functionality within the device 1000. The memory 1014 may beon-board the processor 1010 (e.g., within the same IC package), and/orthe memory may be external memory to the processor and functionallycoupled over a data bus. Further details regarding an example embodimentof a processor or computation system, which may be similar to theprocessor 1010, are provided below in relation to FIG. 12.

A number of software modules and data tables may reside in memory 1014and may be utilized by the processor 1010 in order to managecommunications with remote devices/nodes (such as the various nodesand/or the servers 120 or 122 depicted in FIG. 1, or any of theemergency call and tracking servers depicted in FIGS. 3 and 7-9),including to communicate with emergency call and tracking servers in themanner described herein, perform positioning determinationfunctionality, and/or perform device control functionality. Asillustrated in FIG. 10, in some embodiments, the memory 1014 may includea positioning module 1016, an emergency module 1018, a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) module 1020, and/or a round trip time (RTT)module 1022. It is to be noted that the functionality of the modulesand/or data structures may be combined, separated, and/or be structuredin different ways depending upon the implementation of the mobile device1000. For example, the RSSI module 1020 and/or the RTT module 1022 mayeach be realized, at least partially, as a hardware-basedimplementation, and may thus include such devices or circuits as adedicated antenna (e.g., a dedicated RTT and/or an RSSI antenna), adedicated processing unit to process and analyze signals received and/ortransmitted via the antenna(s) (e.g., to determine signal strength ofreceived signals, determine timing information in relation to an RTTcycle, etc.)

The emergency module 1018 may include an application to implementprocesses to communicate an emergency condition indication, establish atracking session (separate from an emergency call session establishedwith a server to communicate an indication of an emergency condition),and, when a tracking session is established (in response to receipt of atriggering message), periodically communicate emergency data to one ormore emergency tracking servers. The emergency module 1018 may furtherbe configured to control power delivery to the modules/sub-systems ofthe device 1000, including to operate in reduced-power tracking modestate when it is determined that a tracking session is to beestablished. In the reduced-power tracking mode state, power tonon-essential modules/sub-systems (i.e., not essential for collectionand communication of tracking session data) is reduced, while theoperation of sensor and communication modules/sub-systems to collect andcommunicate the tracking session data is at least partially maintained.The emergency module 1018 may also be configured to receive and processmessages from emergency servers and/or process emergency messages and/oremergency data messages. The emergency module 1018 may also include anapplication to implement a process which requests position informationfrom the positioning module 1016, or which receives positioning/locationdata from a remote device (e.g., a remote location server).

The memory 1014 may also include an application module 1019.Applications typically run within an upper layer of the softwarearchitectures, and may include indoor navigation applications, shoppingapplications, location aware service applications, etc. The positioningmodule/circuit 1016 may derive the position of the wireless device 1000using information derived from various receivers and modules of themobile device 1000, e.g., based on measurements performed by the RSSImodule and/or the RTT module. Data derived by the positioning module1016 may be used to supplement location information provided, forexample, by a remote device (such as a location server) or may be usedin place of location data sent by a remoted device. For example, thepositioning module 1016 may determine position of the device 1000 basedon measurements performed by various sensors, circuits, and/or modulesof the device 1000, and use those measurements in conjunction withassistance data received from a remote server to determine location ofthe device 1000.

As further illustrated, the wireless device 1000 may also includeassistance data storage 1024, where assistance data, such as mapinformation, data records relating to location information in an areawhere the device is currently located, heatmaps (e.g., indicative ofexpected signal strength values, for signals transmitted from one ormore wireless device, at various locations), etc., is stored. In someembodiments, the wireless device 1000 may also be configured to receivesupplemental information that includes auxiliary position and/or motiondata which may be determined from other sources (e.g., from the one ormore sensors 1012). Such auxiliary position data may be incomplete ornoisy, but may be useful as another source of independent informationfor estimating the position of the device 1000, or for performing otheroperations or functions. Supplemental information may also include, butnot limited to, information that can be derived or based upon Bluetooth®wireless technology signals, beacons, RFID tags, and/or informationderived from a map (e.g., receiving coordinates from a digitalrepresentation of a geographical map by, for example, a user interactingwith a digital map). The supplemental information may optionally bestored in the storage module 1026 schematically depicted in FIG. 10. Thewireless device 1000 may additionally include tracking data storage 1028to store, temporarily or long-term, tracking session data (e-metadata)collected by the wireless device during, for example, a tracking session(established, for example, in response to a request message receivedfrom an emergency call server). The tracking session data may includedata collected by sensor and communication sub-systems while thewireless device is operating in reduced power mode, and at least some ofthe data may be periodically transmitted to a remote device (e.g., aremote emergency tracking server) at determined time instances. In someembodiments, tracking session data that has been transmitted to a remotedevice may be removed from storage to allow new data (e.g., collectedsubsequent to transmission of the at least some of the tracking sessiondata) to be stored. In some embodiments, data stored in the storage 1028may be processed (prior to, or after being stored in the storage 1028)to, for example, timestamp the stored data, compress the stored data,compute resultant differential data (representative of changes oftracked data from one time instance to another), encrypt stored data,etc.

The wireless device 1000 may further include a user interface 1050providing suitable interface systems, such as a microphone/speaker 1052,a keypad 1054, and a display 1056 that allows user interaction with thedevice 1000. The microphone/speaker 1052 (which may be the same ordifferent from the audio sensor 1012 f) provides for voice communicationservices (e.g., using the wide area network transceiver(s) 1004 and/orthe local area network/near-field transceiver(s) 1006). The keypad 1054may comprise suitable buttons for user input. The display 1056 mayinclude a suitable display, such as, for example, a backlit LCD display,and may further include a touch screen display for additional user inputmodes.

With reference now to FIG. 11, a schematic diagram of an example node1100, such as access point or a server, which may be similar to, and beconfigured to have a functionality similar to that, of any of thevarious nodes depicted in FIGS. 1, 3, and 7-9 (e.g., the nodes 104 a-c,106 a-e, and/or the servers 120, 122, 304, 306, 704, 706, 804, 806, 904,and 906), is shown. The node 1100 may include one or more transceivers1110 a-n electrically coupled to one more antennas 1116 a-n forcommunicating with wireless devices, such as, for example, the devices108, 302, 702, 802, 902, or 1000 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 7-10, respectively.The each of the transceivers 1110 a-1110 n may include a respectivetransmitter 1112 a-n for sending signals (e.g., downlink messages) and arespective receiver 1114 a-n for receiving signals (e.g., uplinkmessages). The node 1100 may also include a network interface 1120 tocommunicate with other network nodes (e.g., sending and receivingqueries and responses). For example, each network element may beconfigured to communicate (e.g., wired or wireless communication) with agateway, or other suitable device of a network, to facilitatecommunication with one or more network nodes (e.g., any of the otheraccess points or servers shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 7-9, and/or othernetwork devices or nodes). Additionally and/or alternatively,communication with other network nodes may also be performed using thetransceivers 1110 a-n and/or the respective antennas 1116 a-n.

The node 1100 may also include other components that may be used withembodiments described herein. For example, the node 1100 may include, insome embodiments, a controller 1130 (which may be similar to theprocessor 1010 of FIG. 10) to manage communications with other nodes(e.g., sending and receiving messages) and to provide other relatedfunctionality. For example, the controller 1130 may be configured tocontrol the operation of the antennas 1116 a-n so as to adjustablycontrol the antennas' transmission power and phase, gain pattern,antenna direction (e.g., the direction at which a resultant radiationbeam from the antennas 1116 a-n propagates), antenna diversity, andother adjustable antenna parameters for the antennas 1116 a-n of thenode 1100. In some embodiments, the antennas' configuration may becontrolled according to pre-stored configuration data provided at thetime of manufacture or deployment of the node 1100, or according to dataobtained from a remote device (such as a central server sending datarepresentative of the antenna configuration, and other operationalparameters, that are to be used for the node 1100).

In some embodiments, the node 1100 may also be configured (e.g., throughoperations performed on the controller 1130) to receive an indication ofan emergency condition at a device, determine if the device in questionshould be tracked, and transmit a triggering message to the device totrigger a tracking session if it is determined that the device should betracked. In some implementations, the node 1100 may be configured toreceive from a device (e.g., a personal mobile device) a request toestablish a tracking session, to send a reply to the device to establishthe tracking session, and to periodically receive from the devicetracking session data collected during the tracking session by thedevice.

In addition, the node 1100 may include, in some embodiments, neighborrelations controllers (e.g., neighbor discovery modules) 1140 to manageneighbor relations (e.g., maintaining a neighbor list 1142) and toprovide other related functionality. The controller 1130 may beimplemented, in some embodiments, as a processor-based device, with aconfiguration and functionality similar to that shown and described inrelation to FIG. 12. In some embodiments, the node may also include oneor more sensors (not shown), such as any of the one or more sensors 1012of the wireless device 1000 depicted in FIG. 10.

Performing the procedures described herein may also be facilitated by aprocessor-based computing system. With reference to FIG. 12, a schematicdiagram of an example computing system 1200 is shown. The computingsystem 1200 may be housed in, for example, a device such as the devices108, 302, 702, 802, 902, and 1000 of FIGS. 1, 3, and 7-10, and/or maycomprise at least part of, or all of, wireless devices, servers, nodes,access points, or base stations, such as the nodes 104 a-b, 106 a-c,120, 122, 304, 306, 704, 706, 804, 806, 904, 906, and 1100 depicted inFIGS. 1, 3, 7-9, and 11. The computing system 1200 includes acomputing-based device 1210 such as a personal computer, a specializedcomputing device, a controller, and so forth, that typically includes acentral processor unit (CPU) 1212. In addition to the CPU 1212, thesystem includes main memory, cache memory and bus interface circuits(not shown). The computing-based device 1210 may include a mass storagedevice 1214, such as a hard drive and/or a flash drive associated withthe computer system. The computing system 1200 may further include akeyboard, or keypad, 1216, and a monitor 1220, e.g., a CRT (cathode raytube), LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, etc., that may be placedwhere a user can access them (e.g., a mobile device's screen).

The computing-based device 1210 is configured to facilitate, forexample, the implementation of one or more of the procedures describedherein, including procedures to: a) receive a triggering message totrigger a tracking session, establish a tracking session (separate forman emergency call session), and send to one or more servers the trackingsession data collected during the tracking session, b) receive anindication of an emergency condition at a device, determine if thedevice in question should be tracked, and transmit a triggering messageto the device to trigger a tracking session if it is determined that thedevice should be tracked, and c) receive from a device (e.g., a mobiledevice) a request to establish a tracking session, send a reply to thedevice to establish the tracking session, and periodically receive fromthe device tracking session data collected during the tracking sessionby the device. The mass storage device 1214 may thus include a computerprogram product that, when executed on the computing-based device 1210,causes the computing-based device to perform operations to facilitatethe implementation of the procedures described herein, as well asprocedures to control the general functionality of the computing-baseddevice 1210, and procedures to implement other applications andoperations.

The computing-based device may further include peripheral devices toenable input/output functionality. Such peripheral devices may include,for example, a CD-ROM drive and/or flash drive, or a network connection,for downloading related content to the connected system. Such peripheraldevices may also be used for downloading software containing computerinstructions to enable general operation of the respectivesystem/device. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 12, thecomputing-based device 1210 may include an interface 1218 with one ormore interfacing circuits (e.g., a wireless port that includestransceiver circuitry, a network port with circuitry to interface withone or more network devices, etc.) to provide/implement communicationwith remote devices (e.g., so that a wireless device, such as any of thewireless devices or nodes depicted in any of the figures, couldcommunicate, via a port, such as the port 1219, with another device ornode). Alternatively and/or additionally, in some embodiments, specialpurpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array),a DSP processor, an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit), orother types of circuit-based and hardware arrangements may be used inthe implementation of the computing system 1200. Other modules that maybe included with the computing-based device 1210 are speakers, a soundcard, a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the usercan provide input to the computing system 1200. The computing-baseddevice 1210 may include an operating system (e.g., an operating systemto operate a mobile device).

Computer programs (also known as programs, software, softwareapplications or code) include machine instructions for a programmableprocessor, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/orobject-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machinelanguage. As used herein, the term “machine-readable medium” refers toany non-transitory computer program product, apparatus and/or device(e.g., magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices(PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to aprogrammable processor, including a non-transitory machine-readablemedium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal.

Memory may be implemented within the computing-based device 1210 orexternal to the device. As used herein the term “memory” refers to anytype of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other memoryand is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number ofmemories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.

If implemented in firmware and/or software, the functions may be storedas one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Examples include computer-readable media encoded with a data structureand computer-readable media encoded with a computer program.Computer-readable media includes physical computer storage media. Astorage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by acomputer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readablemedia can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage, semiconductor storage, or other storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired programcode in the form of instructions or data structures and that can beaccessed by a computer; disk and disc, as used herein, includes compactdisc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD),floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce datamagnetically, while discs reproduce data optically (e.g., with lasers).Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly or conventionally understood. As usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” refer to one or to more than one(i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By wayof example, “an element” means one element or more than one element.“About” and/or “approximately” as used herein when referring to ameasurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like,encompasses variations of ±20% or ±10%, ±5%, or +0.1% from the specifiedvalue, as such variations are appropriate in the context of the systems,devices, circuits, methods, and other implementations described herein.“Substantially” as used herein when referring to a measurable value suchas an amount, a temporal duration, a physical attribute (such asfrequency), and the like, also encompasses variations of ±20% or ±10%,±5%, or +0.1% from the specified value, as such variations areappropriate in the context of the systems, devices, circuits, methods,and other implementations described herein.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of itemsprefaced by “at least one of or” one or more of indicates a disjunctivelist such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C”means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), orcombinations with more than one feature (e.g., AA, AAB, ABBC, etc.).Also, as used herein, unless otherwise stated, a statement that afunction or operation is “based on” an item or condition means that thefunction or operation is based on the stated item or condition and maybe based on one or more items and/or conditions in addition to thestated item or condition.

As used herein, a mobile device or station (MS) may refer to a devicesuch as a cellular or other wireless communication device, a smartphone,tablet, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigationdevice (PND), Personal Information Manager (PIM), Personal DigitalAssistant (PDA), laptop or other suitable mobile device which is capableof receiving wireless communication and/or navigation signals, such asnavigation positioning signals. The term “mobile station” (or “mobiledevice” or “wireless device”) is also intended to include devices whichcommunicate with a personal navigation device (PND), such as byshort-range wireless, infrared, wireline connection, or otherconnection—regardless of whether satellite signal reception, assistancedata reception, and/or position-related processing occurs at the deviceor at the PND. Also, “mobile station” is intended to include alldevices, including wireless communication devices, computers, laptops,tablet devices, etc., which are capable of communication with a server,such as via the Internet, WiFi, or other network, and to communicatewith one or more types of nodes, regardless of whether satellite signalreception, assistance data reception, and/or position-related processingoccurs at the device, at a server, or at another device or nodeassociated with the network. Any operable combination of the above arealso considered a “mobile station.” A mobile device may also be referredto as a mobile terminal, a terminal, a user equipment (UE), a device, aSecure User Plane Location Enabled Terminal (SET), a target device, atarget, or by some other name.

While some of the techniques, processes, and/or implementationspresented herein may comply with all or part of one or more standards,such techniques, processes, and/or implementations may not, in someembodiments, comply with part or all of such one or more standards.

The detailed description set forth above in connection with the appendeddrawings is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make oruse the disclosure. It is contemplated that various substitutions,alterations, and modifications may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the disclosure. Throughout this disclosure the term“example” indicates an example or instance and does not imply or requireany preference for the noted example. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of thedescribed techniques. These techniques, however, may be practicedwithout these specific details. In some instances, well-known structuresand devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuringthe concepts of the described embodiments. Thus, the disclosure is notto be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

Further Subject Matter/Embodiments of Interest

The following recitation is drawn to additional subject matter that maybe of interest and which is also described in detail herein along withsubject matter presented in the initial claims presently presentedherein:

A1—A method comprising: receiving by at least one server, from a device,a request to establish a tracking session to periodically collect andsend tracking session data to the at least one server relating to anemergency condition at the device, the request to establish the trackingsession sent by the device in response to a triggering message from anemergency call server to trigger the tracking session, wherein thetriggering message is transmitted from the emergency call server to thedevice during an emergency call session, separate from the trackingsession, in response to an indication message of the emergency conditionat the device transmitted to the emergency call server; sending by theat least one server a reply to the device to establish the trackingsession; and periodically receiving by the at least one server, from thedevice, the tracking session data collected by the device during thetracking session.

A2—The method recited in subject matter example A1, wherein the deviceis configured to operate during the tracking session in a reduced-powertracking mode state in which power to sub-systems of the device notrequired for collecting and communicating the tracking session dataassociated with the device is reduced, and in which one or more sensoror communication sub-systems of the device, configured to collect andcommunicate the tracking session data, operate at least partially whilethe device is in the reduced-power tracking mode state.

A3—The method recited in subject matter example A1, wherein periodicallyreceiving the tracking session data comprises: receiving the trackingsession data at one or more time instances, subsequent to a first timeinstance, determined based, at least in part, on power level of abattery of the device.

A4—The method recited in subject matter example A3, wherein sending thereply to the device comprises: sending the reply with data indicating amaximum periodicity value used for determining the one or more timeinstances, subsequent to the first time instance, and with datarepresentative of data parameters to include with the tracking sessiondata sent by the device.

A5—The method recited in subject matter example A1, further comprising:determining a position of the device based, at least in part, onlocation-determination data included in the received tracking sessiondata.

A6—The method recited in subject matter example A1, further comprising:processing the received tracking session data; and transmitting at leastsome of the processed data to one or more devices associated with one ormore emergency service providers.

A7—The method recited in subject matter example A6, wherein processingthe received tracking session data comprises: filtering the trackingsession data, or aggregating raw data included in the tracking sessiondata, or any combination thereof, wherein the raw data comprises vitalsigns of a user of the device, body position of the user derived basedon orientation sensors secured to the user, or location data, or anycombination thereof.

A8—The method recited in subject matter example A6, wherein transmittingthe at least some of the processed data comprises: transmitting theprocessed data to emergency crews, or transmitting the processed data toone or more analysis systems, or any combination thereof, wherein theone or more analysis systems include a first system to derive emergencyresolution success rate statistics, a second system to compute riskanalysis associated with emergencies, or a third system to perform rootcause analysis, or any combination thereof.

A9—The method recited in subject matter example A1, further comprising:

-   -   modifying the tracking session to modify: types of data        collected and transmitted to the at least one server by the        device, times at which the tracking session data is sent, or        identity of one or more other tracking servers with which the        device is to communicate, or any combination thereof.

A10—The method recited in subject matter example A1, wherein theindication message of the emergency condition at the device transmittedto the emergency call server comprises: an initiating message from thedevice regarding the emergency condition, a reply message from thedevice responsive to a polling message from the emergency call server,or a reporting message from another device to report the emergencycondition at the device.

B1—A server comprising: one or more processors; and a transceiver,coupled to the one or more processors, and configured to: receive, froma device, a request to establish a tracking session to periodicallycollect and send tracking session data to the at least one serverrelating to an emergency condition at the device, the request toestablish the tracking session sent by the device in response to atriggering message from an emergency call server to trigger the trackingsession, wherein the triggering message is transmitted from theemergency call server to the device during an emergency call session,separate from the tracking session, in response to an indication messageof the emergency condition at the device transmitted to the emergencycall server; send a reply to the device to establish the trackingsession; and periodically receive, from the device, the tracking sessiondata collected by the device during the tracking session.

C1—An apparatus comprising: means for receiving by at least one server,from a device, a request to establish a tracking session to periodicallycollect and send tracking session data to the at least one serverrelating to an emergency condition at the device, the request toestablish the tracking session sent by the device in response to atriggering message from an emergency call server to trigger the trackingsession, wherein the triggering message is transmitted from theemergency call server to the device during an emergency call session,separate from the tracking session, in response to an indication messageof the emergency condition at the device transmitted to the emergencycall server; means for sending by the at least one server a reply to thedevice to establish the tracking session; and means for periodicallyreceiving by the at least one server, from the device, the trackingsession data collected by the device during the tracking session.

D1—A non-transitory computer readable media programmed withinstructions, executable on a processor, to: receive by at least oneserver, from a device, a request to establish a tracking session toperiodically collect and send tracking session data to the at least oneserver relating to an emergency condition at the device, the request toestablish the tracking session sent by the device in response to atriggering message from an emergency call server to trigger the trackingsession, wherein the triggering message is transmitted from theemergency call server to the device during an emergency call session,separate from the tracking session, in response to an indication messageof the emergency condition at the device transmitted to the emergencycall server; send by the at least one server a reply to the device toestablish the tracking session; and periodically receive by the at leastone server, from the device, the tracking session data collected by thedevice during the tracking session.

Although particular embodiments have been disclosed herein in detail,this has been done by way of example for purposes of illustration only,and is not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of theappended claims, which follow. Other aspects, advantages, andmodifications are considered to be within the scope of the followingclaims. The claims presented are representative of the embodiments andfeatures disclosed herein. Other unclaimed embodiments and features arealso contemplated. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scopeof the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: establishing an emergencycall session between a device and an emergency call server; sending, inthe emergency call session by the emergency call server to the device, arequest for location information for the device; receiving, in theemergency call session, the location information by the emergency callserver from the device; receiving, in the emergency call session by theemergency call server, an indication of an emergency condition at thedevice; determining whether the device is to be tracked based, at leastin part, on the indication of the emergency condition; transmitting, inthe emergency call session to the device, a triggering message from theemergency call server, in response to a determination that the device isto be tracked, to trigger at the device a tracking session to cause thedevice to collect and send tracking session data to one or more trackingservers, wherein the tracking session comprises communication betweenthe device and the one or more tracking servers and is independent fromthe emergency call session comprising communication between the deviceand the emergency call server; establishing the tracking session betweenthe emergency call server and the device, wherein continuance of thetracking session is independent of continuance of the emergency callsession; and receiving, in the tracking session, tracking session databy the emergency call server from the device.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the triggering message transmitted to the device is furtherconfigured to cause the device to operate in a reduced-power trackingmode state in which power to sub-systems of the device not required forcollecting and communicating the tracking session data associated withthe device is reduced, and in which one or more sensor or communicationsub-systems of the device, configured to collect and communicate thetracking session data, operate at least partially while the device is inthe reduced-power tracking mode state.
 3. The method of claim 2, whereinthe triggering message transmitted to the device is further configuredto lock the device into the reduced-power tracking mode state to preventdeactivation of the one or more sensor and communication sub-systems ofthe device required for collecting and communicating the trackingsession data even if the device is turned off by a user.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein determining whether the device is to be trackedcomprises: determining whether the device is to be tracked based, atleast in part, on the indication of the emergency condition, devicecapabilities of the device transmitted to the emergency call server, orlocation-based data for the device, or any combination thereof.
 5. Themethod of claim 4, wherein the device capabilities of the devicecomprise: communication protocols supported by the device, types oftransceivers included with the device, types of sensors included withthe device, or battery level of the device, or any combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a position ofthe device based, at least in part, on location-based data included withthe received indication of the emergency condition, the location-baseddata comprising: a computed approximation of location of the device,sensor measurements for the device, timing measurements measured by thedevice, or signal strength measurements measured by the device, or anycombination thereof.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, by theemergency call server, the indication of the emergency conditioncomprises: receiving, by the emergency call server, an emergency messageinitiated by the device.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving bythe emergency call server the indication of the emergency conditioncomprises: transmitting to one or more devices, including the device, abroadcast message configured to cause a determination of whether atleast one of the one or more devices has an emergency; and receiving, inresponse to the broadcast message transmitted by the emergency callserver, a reply message from the device, the reply message comprisingthe indication of the emergency condition.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein transmitting the triggering message from the emergency callserver comprises: transmitting a mandatory tracking session command, inresponse to the determination that the device is to be tracked, to causethe device to establish the tracking session, wherein the mandatorytracking session command cannot be overridden by the device or by a userof the device.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, by theemergency call server, the indication of the emergency conditioncomprises: receiving, by the emergency call server: a long-termevolution positioning protocol (LPP) message, a session initiationprotocol (SIP) message, a universal telecommunication system (UMTS)message, or a secured hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) message, orany combination thereof.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining the one or more servers with which the device is toestablish the tracking session; and communicating to the devicerespective one or more identifiers representative of identities of theone or more servers with which the device is to establish the trackingsession.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein communicating the devicethe respective one or more identifiers of the one or more serverscomprises: communicating, to the device, one or more URL's associatedwith the one or more servers, an IP address, or a network elementidentifier, or any combination thereof.
 13. The method of claim 11,wherein determining the one or more servers with which the device is toestablish the tracking session comprises: determining the one or moreservers based on one or more of: device capabilities of the device,location-based data for the device, or type of emergency at the device,or any combination thereof.
 14. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: causing the emergency call session to be terminated.
 15. Anemergency call server comprising: a transceiver configured to: send, inan emergency call session to a device, a request for locationinformation for the device; receive, in the emergency call session fromthe device, the location information from the device; and receive, inthe emergency call session from the device, an indication of anemergency condition at the device; and one or more processors, coupledto the transceiver, configured to: establishing the emergency callsession between the device and the emergency call server; determinewhether the device is to be tracked based, at least in part, on theindication of the emergency condition; establish a tracking sessionbetween the emergency call server and the device, wherein continuance ofthe tracking session is independent of continuance of the emergency callsession; and receive, in a tracking session, tracking session data fromthe device; wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit atriggering message from the emergency call server, in response to adetermination that the device is to be tracked, to trigger at the devicethe tracking session to cause the device to collect and send trackingsession data to one or more tracking servers, wherein the trackingsession comprises communication between the device and the one or moretracking servers and is independent from the emergency call sessioncomprising communication between the device and the emergency callserver.
 16. The emergency call server of claim 15, wherein thetriggering message is further configured to cause the device to operatein a reduced-power tracking mode state in which power to sub-systems ofthe device not required for collecting and communicating the trackingsession data associated with the device is reduced, and in which one ormore sensor or communication sub-systems of the device, configured tocollect and communicate the tracking session data, operate at leastpartially while the device is in the reduced-power tracking mode state.17. The emergency call server of claim 16, wherein the triggeringmessage is further configured to lock the device into the reduced-powertracking mode state to prevent deactivation of the one or more sensorand communication sub-systems of the device required for collecting andcommunicating the tracking session data even if the device is turned offby a user.
 18. The emergency call server of claim 15, wherein the one ormore processors configured to determine whether the device is to betracked are configured to: determine whether the device is to be trackedbased, at least in part, on the indication of the emergency condition,device capabilities of the device transmitted to the emergency callserver, or location-based data for the device, or any combinationthereof.
 19. The emergency call server of claim 15, wherein thetransceiver configured to receive the indication of the emergencycondition is configured to: receive an emergency message initiated bythe device.
 20. The emergency call server of claim 15, wherein thetransceiver configured to receive the indication of the emergencycondition is configured to: transmit to one or more devices, includingthe device, a broadcast message configured to cause a determination ofwhether at least one of the one or more devices has an emergency; andreceive, in response to the broadcast message transmitted by theemergency call server, a reply message from the device, the replymessage comprising the indication of the emergency condition.
 21. Theemergency call server of claim 15, wherein the transceiver configured totransmit the triggering message comprises: transmitting a mandatorytracking session command, in response to the determination that thedevice is to be tracked, to cause the device to establish the trackingsession, wherein the mandatory tracking session command cannot beoverridden by the device or by a user of the device.
 22. The emergencycall server of claim 15, wherein the transceiver configured to receivethe indication of the emergency condition is configured to: receive bythe emergency call server: a long-term evolution positioning protocol(LPP) message, a session initiation protocol (SIP) message, a universaltelecommunication system (UMTS) message, or a secured hypertext transferprotocol (HTTPS) message, or any combination thereof.
 23. The emergencycall server of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to: determine the one or more servers with which the deviceis to establish the tracking session; and communicate to the devicerespective one or more identifiers representative of identities of theone or more servers with which the device is to establish the trackingsession.
 24. The emergency call server of claim 23, wherein the one ormore processors configured to determine the one or more servers withwhich the device is to establish the tracking session are configured to:determine the one or more servers based on one or more of: devicecapabilities of the device, location-based data for the device, or typeof emergency at the device, or any combination thereof.
 25. An emergencycall server comprising: means for establishing an emergency call sessionbetween a device and the emergency call server; means for sending, inthe emergency call session to the device, a request for locationinformation for the device; means for receiving, in the emergency callsession, the location information from the device; means for receiving,in the emergency call session, an indication of an emergency conditionat the device; means for determining whether the device is to be trackedbased, at least in part, on the indication of the emergency condition;means for transmitting, in the emergency call session, a triggeringmessage to the device, in response to a determination that the device isto be tracked, to trigger at the device a tracking session to cause thedevice to collect and send tracking session data to one or more trackingservers, wherein the tracking session comprises communication betweenthe device and the one or more tracking servers and is independent froman emergency call session comprising communication between the deviceand the emergency call server; means for establishing the trackingsession between the emergency call server and the device, whereincontinuance of the tracking session is independent of continuance of theemergency call session; and means for receiving, in the trackingsession, tracking session data from the device.
 26. The apparatus ofclaim 25, wherein the triggering message is further configured to causethe device to operate in a reduced-power tracking mode state in whichpower to sub-systems of the device not required for collecting andcommunicating tracking the session data associated with the device isreduced, and in which one or more sensor or communication sub-systems ofthe device, configured to collect and communicate the tracking sessiondata, operate at least partially while the device is in thereduced-power tracking mode state.
 27. The apparatus claim 25, whereinthe means for determining whether the device is to be tracked comprises:means for determining whether the device is be tracked based, at leastin part, on the indication of the emergency condition, devicecapabilities of the device transmitted to the emergency call server, orlocation-based data for the device, or any combination thereof.
 28. Theapparatus of claim 25, wherein the means for receiving the indication ofthe emergency condition comprise: means for receiving by the emergencycall server an emergency message initiated by the device; means fortransmitting to one or more devices, including the device, a broadcastmessage configured to cause a determination of whether at least one ofthe one or more devices has an emergency, and means for receiving, inresponse to the broadcast message transmitted by the emergency callserver, a reply message from the device, the reply message comprisingthe indication of the emergency condition; or any combination thereof.29. A non-transitory computer readable media programmed withinstructions, executable on a processor, to: establish an emergency callsession between an emergency call server and a device; send, in theemergency call session from the emergency call server to the device, arequest for location information for the device; receive, in theemergency call session by the emergency call server, the locationinformation from the device; receive, in the emergency call session bythe emergency call server, an indication of an emergency condition atthe device; determine whether the device is to be tracked based, atleast in part, on the indication of the emergency condition; transmit atriggering message from the emergency call server, in response to adetermination that the device is to be tracked, to trigger at the devicea tracking session to cause the device to collect and send trackingsession data to one or more tracking servers, wherein the trackingsession comprises communication between the device and the one or moretracking servers and is independent from an emergency call sessioncomprising communication between the device and the emergency callserver; establish the tracking session between the emergency call serverand the device, wherein continuance of the tracking session isindependent of continuance of the emergency call session; and receive,in the tracking session, tracking session data by the emergency callserver from the device.
 30. The computer readable media of claim 29,wherein the triggering message is further configured to cause the deviceto operate in a reduced-power tracking mode state in which power tosub-systems of the device not required for collecting and communicatingthe tracking session data associated with the device is reduced, and inwhich one or more sensor or communication sub-systems of the device,configured to collect and communicate the tracking session data, operateat least partially while the device is in the reduced-power trackingmode state.